{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385627216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3303233","title":"The Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Through Wearable fNIRS by Using Wavelet Transform and Parallel-CNN Feature Fusion","display_name":"The Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Through Wearable fNIRS by Using Wavelet Transform and Parallel-CNN Feature Fusion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385627216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3303233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3303233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3303233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046286714","display_name":"Guangming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-3684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-3684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101424006","display_name":"Ning Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-6089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-6089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693771","display_name":"Yi Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-8098"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-8098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549787","display_name":"Won Hee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9308-6550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won Hee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9308-6550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007077356","display_name":"Zehong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-0328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-0328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751462","display_name":"Xiangguo Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-1468"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangguo Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-0165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367292","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-3724"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-3724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046286714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93628192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7187455296516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6681942939758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5981102585792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5782923698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.578122079372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","score":0.5537027716636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5376386046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5192211270332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5124521851539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.45914196968078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4516718089580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.41170161962509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15805399417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.09842732548713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.0686996579170227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7187455296516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6681942939758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5981102585792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5782923698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.578122079372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.5537027716636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5376386046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5192211270332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5124521851539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130796691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750537","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.45914196968078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4516718089580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.41170161962509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15805399417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.09842732548713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0686996579170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3303233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3303233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2758062256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32071372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3827213574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4408348095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFS0030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5618219169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2503803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189470725","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1566689562","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1988876580","https://openalex.org/W2004995977","https://openalex.org/W2005904459","https://openalex.org/W2012528194","https://openalex.org/W2061758874","https://openalex.org/W2090899803","https://openalex.org/W2095921032","https://openalex.org/W2112919847","https://openalex.org/W2117473144","https://openalex.org/W2124459709","https://openalex.org/W2126719297","https://openalex.org/W2128424176","https://openalex.org/W2131203559","https://openalex.org/W2134189152","https://openalex.org/W2139628377","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2173306896","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2471631583","https://openalex.org/W2471646228","https://openalex.org/W2489526213","https://openalex.org/W2499386737","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2791315675","https://openalex.org/W2809490745","https://openalex.org/W2911991504","https://openalex.org/W2947343305","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2969764573","https://openalex.org/W3005328682","https://openalex.org/W3016486868","https://openalex.org/W3022053371","https://openalex.org/W3027309739","https://openalex.org/W3041866332","https://openalex.org/W3070775381","https://openalex.org/W3129593052","https://openalex.org/W3208256970","https://openalex.org/W4205243034","https://openalex.org/W4254751698","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2518226033","https://openalex.org/W2906058118","https://openalex.org/W4376595809","https://openalex.org/W1941903492","https://openalex.org/W2415550604","https://openalex.org/W2913570314","https://openalex.org/W2588627481","https://openalex.org/W2775615127","https://openalex.org/W2966316009","https://openalex.org/W3036033144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Depression":[0],"is":[1,17],"a":[2,42,61,66,101],"common":[3],"mental":[4],"illness":[5],"that":[6,175],"can":[7,33],"even":[8],"lead":[9],"to":[10,19,74,99,186,191],"suicide":[11],"in":[12,149],"severe":[13],"cases.":[14],"Thus,":[15],"it":[16],"essential":[18],"diagnose":[20,75],"and":[21,38,52,128,194],"duly":[22],"treat":[23],"the":[24,79,91,106,115,121,129,134,138,150,158,162,176,187,192,198],"depressive":[25,76,125],"disorder":[26,126],"accurately.":[27],"Functional":[28],"near-infrared":[29],"spectroscopy":[30],"(fNIRS)":[31],"signals":[32,71,82,182],"monitor":[34],"cerebral":[35],"hemodynamic":[36],"activity":[37],"may":[39,183],"serve":[40],"as":[41,112],"biomarker":[43],"of":[44,69,146,169,197],"depression.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"study,":[48],"using":[49,133],"wavelet":[50,87],"transform":[51],"parallel":[53],"convolutional":[54],"neural":[55],"network":[56],"(CNN)":[57],"feature":[58,88,92,102,107],"fusion":[59],"(WPCF),":[60],"novel":[62],"algorithm":[63,117,165,178],"based":[64,179],"on":[65,180],"few":[67],"channels":[68],"fNIRS":[70,81,181,200],"was":[72,110],"proposed":[73,163],"disorder.":[77],"Firstly,":[78],"preprocessed":[80],"were":[83,97],"transformed":[84],"into":[85,114],"two-dimensional":[86],"maps.":[89],"Secondly,":[90],"maps":[93],"with":[94,123,143],"best":[95],"quality":[96],"selected":[98],"form":[100],"map":[103,108],"subset.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"subset":[109],"used":[111],"input":[113],"WPCF":[116,139,164,177],"for":[118],"discriminating":[119],"between":[120],"patients":[122],"major":[124],"(MDD)":[127],"healthy":[130],"subjects.":[131],"When":[132],"subject-wise":[135],"split":[136,156],"data,":[137,157],"achieved":[140],"good":[141],"performance":[142],"an":[144,167],"accuracy":[145,168],"89.1":[147],"%":[148],"post-task":[151],"resting":[152],"state.":[153],"For":[154],"record-wise":[155],"results":[159,173],"attained":[160],"by":[161],"had":[166],"95.4":[170],"%.":[171],"These":[172],"indicated":[174],"be":[184],"applied":[185],"home":[188],"environment":[189],"due":[190],"portability":[193],"noninvasive":[195],"measurement":[196],"wearable":[199],"instrument.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}