{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385696429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3302936","title":"Autonomous Multiframe Point Cloud Fusion Method for mmWave Radar","display_name":"Autonomous Multiframe Point Cloud Fusion Method for mmWave Radar","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385696429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3302936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3302936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3302936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006568361","display_name":"Ling\u2010Feng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling-Feng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an Shaanxi, CO, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-9643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an Shaanxi, CO, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045291498","display_name":"Yun-Feng Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Feng Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an Shaanxi, CO, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-4872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an Shaanxi, CO, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049345158","display_name":"Wei Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-1662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an Shaanxi, CO, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an Shaanxi, CO, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087749419","display_name":"Yifan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-4731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanics and Material Engineering Department, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","Mechanics and Material Engineering Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-4731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanics and Material Engineering Department, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanics and Material Engineering Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96930572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.711277186870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6538227200508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6505184173583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5867966413497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5751478672027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.4870169758796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.48632651567459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4803006052970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.46505340933799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4515973925590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4231984615325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.4229249358177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1883004903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11922425031661987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.711277186870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6538227200508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6505184173583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5867966413497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5751478672027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4870169758796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.48632651567459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4803006052970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.46505340933799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4515973925590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4231984615325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.4229249358177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1883004903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11922425031661987}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3302936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3302936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791011781","https://openalex.org/W2904061888","https://openalex.org/W3009950332","https://openalex.org/W3130235450","https://openalex.org/W3140872952","https://openalex.org/W3174504503","https://openalex.org/W3186749970","https://openalex.org/W3190179333","https://openalex.org/W4206441333","https://openalex.org/W4224917843","https://openalex.org/W4285118451","https://openalex.org/W4293056169","https://openalex.org/W4312036163","https://openalex.org/W4312946738","https://openalex.org/W4312976143","https://openalex.org/W4313149227","https://openalex.org/W4315925962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W597465370","https://openalex.org/W4296525607","https://openalex.org/W2612374028","https://openalex.org/W4387092333","https://openalex.org/W2773800728","https://openalex.org/W2807545795","https://openalex.org/W2536326528","https://openalex.org/W3034568481","https://openalex.org/W2569014399","https://openalex.org/W2897372685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposed":[2,175],"an":[3],"autonomous":[4],"multi-frame":[5,142],"fusion":[6],"method":[7,151],"of":[8,26,33,55,68,88,96,126,157,164,183,194,202],"millimeter":[9],"wave":[10,37],"(mmWave)":[11],"radar":[12,39,66,90,98,122,159],"point":[13,43,110,123,140,167,184,195],"cloud":[14,44,111,124,141,185,196],"suitable":[15],"for":[16],"low":[17],"crowd":[18],"density":[19,182],"indoor":[20,41],"scenes":[21],"to":[22,84,112,131,137,170],"overcome":[23],"the":[24,31,50,56,58,65,78,86,89,94,97,109,114,121,132,149,155,158,162,171,174,180,190,199],"problem":[25],"sparse":[27],"target":[28,62,80,115],"points":[29,63,81,116],"in":[30,40,49,64],"application":[32],"frequency":[34],"modulated":[35],"continuous":[36],"(FMCW)":[38],"4D":[42,139],"imaging.":[45],"Without":[46],"other":[47],"sensors,":[48],"static":[51,59,79,203],"or":[52],"translational":[53],"state":[54],"radar,":[57],"and":[60,76,160,192,204],"dynamic":[61],"field":[67],"vision":[69],"are":[70,82],"distinguished":[71],"through":[72],"multiple":[73],"velocity":[74,87,106,156],"iterations,":[75],"then":[77],"used":[83],"estimate":[85,154],"itself.":[91],"By":[92],"calculating":[93],"displacement":[95],"within":[99],"a":[100],"frame":[101,128,166],"time,":[102],"we":[103],"carry":[104],"out":[105],"filtering":[107],"on":[108],"remove":[113],"with":[117,198],"large":[118],"differences.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"data":[125],"each":[127,165],"is":[129],"converted":[130],"same":[133],"geographic":[134],"coordinate":[135],"system":[136],"achieve":[138],"fusion.":[143],"The":[144],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"presented":[150],"can":[152,177],"accurately":[153],"correct":[161],"coordinates":[163],"cloud.":[168],"According":[169],"imaging":[172,181,200],"results,":[173],"algorithm":[176],"greatly":[178],"increase":[179],"without":[186],"defocusing,":[187],"which":[188],"improves":[189],"accuracy":[191],"readability":[193],"image":[197],"ability":[201],"moving":[205],"targets.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T06:04:25.777469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}