{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385444687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3300424","title":"STMI: Stiffness Estimation Method Based on sEMG-Driven Model for Elbow Joint","display_name":"STMI: Stiffness Estimation Method Based on sEMG-Driven Model for Elbow Joint","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385444687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3300424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3300424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3300424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004909319","display_name":"Cheng Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-7026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-7026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076604839","display_name":"Zhongcai Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-8591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongcai Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026365889","display_name":"Weihai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-4505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-4505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774471","display_name":"Zhongyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-3638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-3638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420038","display_name":"Jianhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-1901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616599","display_name":"Jianbin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-7330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, China","Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-7330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054655965","display_name":"Jianer Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-208X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114539943","display_name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04epb4p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianer Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-208X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004909319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9032244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-stiffness","display_name":"Joint stiffness","score":0.6011022329330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5990287065505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5924100875854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.49014243483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4870334267616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.47029468417167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4648531675338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4621698558330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.4518345296382904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.4258934259414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4210747182369232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42027124762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41147366166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.395229697227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3231099545955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28522515296936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.19972455501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.14360156655311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13160640001296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.128688782453537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781415944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559210","display_name":"Joint stiffness","level":3,"score":0.6011022329330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5990287065505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5924100875854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.49014243483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4870334267616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.47029468417167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4648531675338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4621698558330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.4518345296382904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.4258934259414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4210747182369232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42027124762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41147366166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.395229697227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3231099545955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28522515296936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.19972455501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.14360156655311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13160640001296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.128688782453537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3300424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3300424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1657366047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1909215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3056483837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3900858177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6041466059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6300563505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021C03050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203724693","https://openalex.org/W1636248650","https://openalex.org/W1856925845","https://openalex.org/W1964979172","https://openalex.org/W1965386059","https://openalex.org/W1965780078","https://openalex.org/W1966928612","https://openalex.org/W1969976050","https://openalex.org/W1970566563","https://openalex.org/W1981927411","https://openalex.org/W2008534355","https://openalex.org/W2016235994","https://openalex.org/W2016798546","https://openalex.org/W2028533892","https://openalex.org/W2052600011","https://openalex.org/W2053133492","https://openalex.org/W2059027293","https://openalex.org/W2112707027","https://openalex.org/W2148611932","https://openalex.org/W2149723649","https://openalex.org/W2152209375","https://openalex.org/W2211544237","https://openalex.org/W2330589301","https://openalex.org/W2345301146","https://openalex.org/W2744682287","https://openalex.org/W2753130988","https://openalex.org/W2753319044","https://openalex.org/W2754133402","https://openalex.org/W2795550549","https://openalex.org/W2897873640","https://openalex.org/W2902828000","https://openalex.org/W2922231765","https://openalex.org/W2960898400","https://openalex.org/W2976082972","https://openalex.org/W2993709417","https://openalex.org/W2999207022","https://openalex.org/W3014982919","https://openalex.org/W3046800800","https://openalex.org/W3082792260","https://openalex.org/W3090279043","https://openalex.org/W3091287447","https://openalex.org/W3104193593","https://openalex.org/W3157599146","https://openalex.org/W3210300158","https://openalex.org/W4206217267","https://openalex.org/W4289656126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975969442","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W3004702504","https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W4293094664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"arm":[1,30],"exhibits":[2],"superb":[3],"maneuverability":[4],"in":[5,167],"performing":[6],"various":[7],"tasks":[8],"by":[9],"utilizing":[10],"its":[11],"ability":[12],"to":[13,23,36,43],"actively":[14],"adjust":[15],"impedance":[16],"parameters":[17],"and":[18,33,62,76,106,142,150,186,224],"interaction":[19],"forces.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"how":[22],"identify":[24],"the":[25,29,37,41,69,119,129,194],"joint":[26,72,74,77,86,168,195,211],"stiffness":[27,54,61,78,196,212],"of":[28,148,193,221],"during":[31],"motion":[32],"transmit":[34],"them":[35],"exoskeleton":[38],"robots":[39],"is":[40],"key":[42],"achieving":[44],"flexible":[45],"rehabilitation":[46],"motion.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,90],"propose":[52,91,107],"a":[53,92,108],"estimation":[55,213],"method":[56,205],"for":[57],"elbow":[58,210],"joint,":[59],"termed":[60,96],"torque":[63],"mapping":[64],"index":[65],"(STMI),":[66],"which":[67],"establishes":[68],"relationship":[70],"between":[71],"torque,":[73],"angle":[75,87,169],"based":[79],"on":[80],"surface":[81],"electromyography":[82],"(sEMG).":[83],"To":[84],"improve":[85],"identification":[88],"accuracy,":[89],"regression":[93,102,155,176,180],"algorithm":[94],"(RA),":[95],"improved":[97],"ant":[98],"colony":[99],"optimization":[100],"generalized":[101],"neural":[103],"network":[104],"(IACO-GRNN),":[105],"time-domain":[109],"descriptor":[110],"(TDD)":[111],"sEMG":[112,216],"feature.":[113],"Feature":[114],"comparison":[115],"experiment":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118],"TDD":[120,149],"features":[121,131],"(RMSE:":[122,157],"7.9792\u00b10.0721;":[123],"R2:":[124,161],"0.9257\u00b10.0020)":[125],"are":[126],"superior":[127],"among":[128],"popular":[130],"such":[132,172],"as":[133,173],"mean":[134,139],"absolute":[135],"value":[136],"(MAV),":[137],"root":[138],"square":[140],"(RMS)":[141],"waveform":[143],"length":[144],"(WL).":[145],"The":[146,190,203],"combination":[147],"IACO-GRNN":[151],"achieves":[152],"more":[153],"impressive":[154],"performance":[156],"8.6839":[158],"\u00b1":[159,163],"0.0084,":[160],"0.9109":[162],"0.0002)":[164],"than":[165],"RA":[166],"recognition":[170],"experiments,":[171],"support":[174],"vector":[175],"(SVR),":[177],"random":[178],"forest":[179],"(RFR),":[181],"Particle":[182],"swarm":[183],"optimization-GRNN":[184],"(PSO-GRNN)":[185],"Genetic":[187],"algorithm-GRNN":[188],"(GA-GRNN).":[189],"average":[191],"RMSE":[192],"estimated":[197],"using":[198,215],"STMI":[199],"was":[200],"1.0146":[201],"Nm/rad.":[202],"proposed":[204],"can":[206],"offer":[207],"satisfactory":[208],"dynamic":[209],"only":[214],"signals,":[217],"avoiding":[218],"complex":[219],"calibration":[220],"physiological":[222],"data":[223],"additional":[225],"sensing":[226],"devices.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
