{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384162624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3295027","title":"A Method for Distinguishing Mixed Metal Abrasives Based on Frequency Conversion","display_name":"A Method for Distinguishing Mixed Metal Abrasives Based on Frequency Conversion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384162624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3295027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3295027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3295027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041340327","display_name":"Yucai Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-3679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yucai Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-3679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101948129","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2315-7069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2315-7069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085427684","display_name":"Shuyao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4270-241X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4270-241X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111203547","display_name":"Guoqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4192-2430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4192-2430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036085392","display_name":"Hongpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-600X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-600X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318240","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-6419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041340327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72065231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation","display_name":"Excitation","score":0.6981524229049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.6394364237785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6375620365142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-sensor","display_name":"Inductive sensor","score":0.6217723488807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6200137734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"Copper","score":0.5545210838317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.5037845969200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit","display_name":"Detection limit","score":0.4983823299407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current","display_name":"Eddy current","score":0.4282878041267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.41342467069625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3836126923561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3123929500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18964505195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18794643878936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16535881161689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.15455487370491028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.150809645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.14204838871955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10516357421875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.6981524229049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.6394364237785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6375620365142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108572070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765821","display_name":"Inductive sensor","level":2,"score":0.6217723488807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6200137734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.5545210838317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5037845969200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.4983823299407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131357438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208598","display_name":"Eddy current","level":2,"score":0.4282878041267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41342467069625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3836126923561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3123929500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18964505195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18794643878936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16535881161689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15455487370491028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.150809645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.14204838871955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10516357421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3295027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3295027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3135114669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ11CG010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336584","funder_display_name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3743785334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132022219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G412611754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132021501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5292840073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019J12GX023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336584","funder_display_name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5339636371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC2002074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7673160469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52271303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8528991229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51679022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336584","display_name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979395862","https://openalex.org/W2021592802","https://openalex.org/W2883834841","https://openalex.org/W2900779256","https://openalex.org/W2958801721","https://openalex.org/W2994761426","https://openalex.org/W3020821351","https://openalex.org/W3025951888","https://openalex.org/W3166312816","https://openalex.org/W3188842964","https://openalex.org/W3196552654","https://openalex.org/W3217789057","https://openalex.org/W4205987183","https://openalex.org/W4206246423","https://openalex.org/W4226290226","https://openalex.org/W4285296780","https://openalex.org/W4286369905","https://openalex.org/W4287733514","https://openalex.org/W4296520262","https://openalex.org/W4300862272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391410777","https://openalex.org/W2911969801","https://openalex.org/W1992328704","https://openalex.org/W2095006878","https://openalex.org/W2096595882","https://openalex.org/W2146065011","https://openalex.org/W2371240635","https://openalex.org/W2538297308","https://openalex.org/W2026548686","https://openalex.org/W3038980242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,6,15,26,34,38,49,55,66,70,72,74,76,79,83,87,92,98,103,108,113,117,122,147,150,178,181,184,188],"sensitivity":[4],"of":[5,28,45,58,78,112,141,149,154,171,183,191,193],"particle":[7],"detection":[8,20,110,133],"sensor":[9,104,185],"has":[10],"been":[11],"greatly":[12],"improved.":[13],"However,":[14],"research":[16],"on":[17,82,180],"multi-particle":[18],"distinction":[19],"is":[21,90,105,120],"less.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24,128],"adopts":[25],"method":[27,134,145,176,201],"frequency":[29,81,89,119,131,158],"conversion":[30,132,159],"excitation":[31,50,67,80,88,118],"to":[32,135],"explore":[33],"response":[35],"relationship":[36],"between":[37,137],"inductive":[39],"effect":[40,44,153],"and":[41,48,69,115,167,196],"eddy":[42,151],"current":[43,152],"abrasive":[46],"particles":[47,60,100,140,156,170,192],"frequency.":[51],"Research":[52],"shows":[53],"that":[54],"inductance":[56,95],"signal":[57,123],"iron":[59,162],"does":[61],"not":[62],"change":[63,93],"significantly":[64],"with":[65],"frequency,":[68],"smaller":[71,75],"particles,":[73,163,166],"influence":[77],"output":[84],"signal.":[85],"When":[86],"0.1MHz,":[91],"in":[94],"generated":[96],"by":[97,157,187],"copper":[99,155,165],"passing":[101],"through":[102],"less":[106],"than":[107],"lower":[109],"limit":[111],"instrument,":[114],"when":[116],"2MHz,":[121],"changes":[124,146],"significantly.":[125],"Therefore,":[126],"this":[127],"proposes":[129],"a":[130,198],"distinguish":[136],"aggregated":[138,168],"metal":[139,169],"different":[142,172,194],"materials.":[143,173],"The":[144,174],"intensity":[148],"for":[160,202],"individual":[161,164],"proposed":[175],"avoids":[177],"impact":[179],"accuracy":[182],"caused":[186],"simultaneous":[189],"passage":[190],"materials":[195],"provides":[197],"new":[199],"reference":[200],"subsequent":[203],"accurate":[204],"detection.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}