{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385216250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293552","title":"Direct Measurement of Underwater Sound Velocity via Dual-Comb System and Matched Filtering Algorithm","display_name":"Direct Measurement of Underwater Sound Velocity via Dual-Comb System and Matched Filtering Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385216250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3293552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078298111","display_name":"Haihan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haihan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-747X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079003184","display_name":"Haonan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5244-4822"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5244-4822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002778927","display_name":"Pei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2793-2776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151878197","display_name":"Pingdingshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/026c29h90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151878197"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pingdingshan Polytechnic College, Pingdingshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2793-2776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pingdingshan Polytechnic College, Pingdingshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151878197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060035998","display_name":"Zhiwen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2407"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078959045","display_name":"Xinyang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-0822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, No. 53 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-0822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, No. 53 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660626","display_name":"Zhiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Systems, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-4483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Systems, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007626630","display_name":"Jingsheng Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2735-3100"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingsheng Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2735-3100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318740","display_name":"Xiaobo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9944-3642"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9944-3642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035135129","display_name":"Bin Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-8833"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-8833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76219172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.73485267162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6834256649017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5717892646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5307992100715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-intensity-probe","display_name":"Sound intensity probe","score":0.49069392681121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.4716690480709076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4411028027534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-source-localization","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","score":0.43968886137008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.4210905134677887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustics","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","score":0.41583818197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.41524916887283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.40988242626190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.399976909160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3944282829761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-power","display_name":"Sound power","score":0.20649981498718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20094770193099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14731469750404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-distance","display_name":"Critical distance","score":0.08888614177703857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.73485267162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6834256649017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5717892646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5307992100715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200285014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7564751","display_name":"Sound intensity probe","level":5,"score":0.49069392681121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.4716690480709076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4411028027534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217270","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","level":3,"score":0.43968886137008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.4210905134677887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.41583818197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.41524916887283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40988242626190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.399976909160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3944282829761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67514181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588477","display_name":"Sound power","level":3,"score":0.20649981498718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20094770193099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14731469750404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24723263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571884","display_name":"Critical distance","level":4,"score":0.08888614177703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3293552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2960804330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5181254088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62205243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5885336257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3104600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6132368760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62075162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969001696","https://openalex.org/W1980021314","https://openalex.org/W1983612098","https://openalex.org/W1984894844","https://openalex.org/W2008783009","https://openalex.org/W2023404939","https://openalex.org/W2024429698","https://openalex.org/W2046228262","https://openalex.org/W2057677353","https://openalex.org/W2082108368","https://openalex.org/W2084638552","https://openalex.org/W2103421498","https://openalex.org/W2103549941","https://openalex.org/W2123180929","https://openalex.org/W2134878583","https://openalex.org/W2135754053","https://openalex.org/W2136109037","https://openalex.org/W2142101005","https://openalex.org/W2297056176","https://openalex.org/W2807471411","https://openalex.org/W2887632310","https://openalex.org/W2904301742","https://openalex.org/W2913554916","https://openalex.org/W2937883206","https://openalex.org/W3041410138","https://openalex.org/W3045687532","https://openalex.org/W3080548792","https://openalex.org/W3100908427","https://openalex.org/W3127535227","https://openalex.org/W3159464569","https://openalex.org/W3160352742","https://openalex.org/W3160627966","https://openalex.org/W3204274637","https://openalex.org/W3217098938","https://openalex.org/W4200245589","https://openalex.org/W4206758790","https://openalex.org/W4324091125","https://openalex.org/W4353040034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061432587","https://openalex.org/W1536598668","https://openalex.org/W2071751727","https://openalex.org/W1989468614","https://openalex.org/W2743078318","https://openalex.org/W1992125761","https://openalex.org/W4362661796","https://openalex.org/W2305215931","https://openalex.org/W2403025243","https://openalex.org/W1963926260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measuring":[0],"sound":[1,24,63,88,109],"velocity":[2,25,89,110],"plays":[3],"an":[4,94],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7],"ocean":[8],"exploration":[9],"and":[10,29,41,92],"perception":[11],"technology.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"article,":[15],"we":[16],"propose":[17],"a":[18,86,102,116],"method":[19,84,114],"to":[20,46,59,70],"directly":[21],"measure":[22],"underwater":[23,62],"using":[26],"dual-comb":[27,54],"lasers":[28],"matched":[30,66],"filtering.":[31],"Among":[32],"them,":[33],"the":[34,38,48,61,72,77,83,113],"acousto-optic":[35],"effect":[36],"between":[37],"frequency":[39],"comb":[40],"ultrasonic":[42],"waves":[43],"is":[44,57,68],"applied":[45,69],"calibrate":[47],"time":[49],"of":[50,76,96,119],"flight":[51],"(TOF).":[52],"The":[53],"interferometry":[55],"technique":[56],"utilized":[58],"determine":[60],"velocity.":[64],"Furthermore,":[65],"filtering":[67],"enhance":[71],"signal-to-noise":[73],"ratio":[74],"(SNR)":[75],"signal.":[78],"Experimental":[79],"results":[80],"demonstrate":[81],"that":[82],"achieves":[85],"kilohertz-scale":[87],"measuring":[90],"rate":[91],"enjoys":[93],"uncertainty":[95],"better":[97],"than":[98],"0.037":[99],"m/s":[100,121],"for":[101],"single":[103],"measurement.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"compared":[106],"with":[107],"commercial":[108],"profilers":[111],"(SVPs),":[112],"exhibits":[115],"standard":[117],"deviation":[118],"0.0154":[120],"during":[122],"long-term":[123],"measurements.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}