{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383753345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293544","title":"A Smart Healthcare Framework for Accurate Detection of Schizophrenia Using Multichannel EEG","display_name":"A Smart Healthcare Framework for Accurate Detection of Schizophrenia Using Multichannel EEG","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383753345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3293544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045848573","display_name":"Geetanjali Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-7820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geetanjali Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-7820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005876655","display_name":"Amit M. Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-1652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit M. Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-1652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101817710","display_name":"Deepshikha Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799452066","display_name":"Maharaja Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/034pbde03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799452066","https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepshikha Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-0511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799452066"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070359867","display_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89856503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7565350532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7391033172607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7384306192398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6589498519897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6375192999839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","score":0.6208820343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5624898076057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5550341606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4452979564666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.43660280108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41049087047576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33440878987312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0953262448310852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7565350532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7391033172607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7384306192398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6589498519897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6375192999839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6208820343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5624898076057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5550341606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4452979564666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.43660280108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41049087047576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33440878987312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0953262448310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3293544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3293544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141433200","https://openalex.org/W1624854622","https://openalex.org/W2020249466","https://openalex.org/W2056925087","https://openalex.org/W2289075896","https://openalex.org/W2337490104","https://openalex.org/W2761724488","https://openalex.org/W2775399334","https://openalex.org/W2786768213","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2807688381","https://openalex.org/W2884021537","https://openalex.org/W2942676904","https://openalex.org/W2948008503","https://openalex.org/W2962865354","https://openalex.org/W2963568316","https://openalex.org/W2972669947","https://openalex.org/W2980242754","https://openalex.org/W3016807694","https://openalex.org/W3044123268","https://openalex.org/W3044636944","https://openalex.org/W3082871017","https://openalex.org/W3084493059","https://openalex.org/W3089619751","https://openalex.org/W3090579073","https://openalex.org/W3096705966","https://openalex.org/W3121117531","https://openalex.org/W3126085817","https://openalex.org/W3128756627","https://openalex.org/W3136073903","https://openalex.org/W3145713205","https://openalex.org/W3154416035","https://openalex.org/W3164194633","https://openalex.org/W3178048544","https://openalex.org/W3204644976","https://openalex.org/W3205926616","https://openalex.org/W3215950319","https://openalex.org/W4213306506","https://openalex.org/W4225685342","https://openalex.org/W4281794242","https://openalex.org/W4285248220","https://openalex.org/W4287510307","https://openalex.org/W4297347653","https://openalex.org/W4312396856","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6768055792","https://openalex.org/W6804352652","https://openalex.org/W6891800243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W3019910406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"advanced":[3],"computing":[4],"techniques":[5],"have":[6,126],"been":[7,128],"investigated":[8],"and":[9,28,47,66,91,98,106,118,142,170,196],"employed":[10],"for":[11,68,75,151],"the":[12,38,49,73,123,152,157,177,207,217],"computerized":[13],"detection":[14],"of":[15,41,59,86,136,139,156,209,219],"brain":[16,43],"disorders":[17],"like":[18],"schizophrenia.":[19],"Schizophrenia":[20],"is":[21,96,146,165,174],"a":[22,56],"neurological":[23],"condition":[24],"leading":[25],"to":[26],"hallucinations":[27],"disorganized":[29],"speech":[30],"in":[31,130,148,199,216],"patients.":[32],"Emerging":[33],"deep-learning":[34],"approaches":[35],"can":[36],"augment":[37],"computer-based":[39],"diagnosis":[40],"this":[42,80,131,149,210],"disorder":[44],"by":[45],"measuring":[46],"analyzing":[48],"Electroencephalography":[50],"(EEG)":[51],"signals.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"novel":[57],"concept":[58],"easy-to-wear":[60],"cap,":[61],"namely":[62],"SczCap,":[63],"integrating":[64],"hardware":[65],"software":[67],"acquiring":[69],"EEG":[70,102,137],"signals":[71,138],"from":[72],"scalp":[74],"accurate":[76],"schizophrenia":[77,214],"detection.":[78],"research,":[81],"A":[82,133],"seven-layer":[83],"model":[84,160,180,211],"comprising":[85],"convolution":[87,93],"neural":[88],"network":[89,94],"(CNN)":[90],"temporal":[92],"(TCN)":[95],"designed":[97],"tested":[99],"using":[100,168,181],"raw":[101],"data":[103],"(approach":[104,110,161],"1)":[105],"manually":[107],"extracted":[108],"features":[109],"2).":[111],"Three":[112],"pre-trained":[113],"models,":[114],"VGG":[115],"16,":[116],"AlexNet,":[117],"ResNet":[119],"50,":[120],"along":[121],"with":[122,189],"proposed":[124,158,178],"model,":[125],"also":[127,166,205],"implemented":[129,187],"work.":[132],"dataset":[134],"consisting":[135],"14":[140,143],"healthy":[141],"schizophrenic":[144],"patients":[145],"used":[147],"work":[150],"implementations.":[153],"The":[154,202],"performance":[155],"CNN-TCN":[159,179],"1":[162,183],"&":[163],"2)":[164],"presented":[167],"non-subject-wise":[169,200],"subject-wise":[171],"experiments.":[172,201],"It":[173],"found":[175],"that":[176],"approach":[182],"outperformed":[184],"all":[185],"other":[186,213],"models":[188,215],"99.57%":[190],"accuracy,":[191],"99.51%":[192],"sensitivity,":[193],"99.64%":[194],"specificity,":[195],"99.63%":[197],"precision":[198],"experimental":[203],"results":[204],"exhibit":[206],"superiority":[208],"over":[212],"state":[218],"art":[220],"literature.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}