{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379930347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3284017","title":"Soft Sensors Using Heterogeneous Image Features for Moisture Detection of Sintering Mixture in the Sintering Process","display_name":"Soft Sensors Using Heterogeneous Image Features for Moisture Detection of Sintering Mixture in the Sintering Process","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379930347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3284017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3284017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3284017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013235835","display_name":"Zhaohui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-5819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-5819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067313403","display_name":"Jicheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-8727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jicheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-8727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019514727","display_name":"Dong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-3108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance and the School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","Engineering Research Center for Metallurgical Automation and Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-3108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance and the School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Metallurgical Automation and Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711520","display_name":"Weihua Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-6445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041869656","display_name":"Zhihao Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-5737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013235835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83109609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.8683000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.8683000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.8555999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sintering","display_name":"Sintering","score":0.8363522291183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.7204147577285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5564063787460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5274579524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5243092775344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-sensor","display_name":"Soft sensor","score":0.5215772986412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5163230299949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.42457669973373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.4242524206638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.42144763469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3906973898410797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3705178499221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3233669698238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32103079557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27869024872779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.22681862115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16054829955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.15499037504196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14961117506027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12276318669319153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777581544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844613","display_name":"Sintering","level":2,"score":0.8363522291183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.7204147577285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5564063787460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5274579524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5243092775344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115575686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822403","display_name":"Soft sensor","level":3,"score":0.5215772986412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5163230299949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.42457669973373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.4242524206638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.42144763469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3906973898410797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3705178499221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3233669698238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32103079557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27869024872779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.22681862115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16054829955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.15499037504196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14961117506027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12276318669319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3284017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3284017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4778997022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ40634","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001395319","https://openalex.org/W2035602559","https://openalex.org/W2044693103","https://openalex.org/W2068087426","https://openalex.org/W2069890452","https://openalex.org/W2075345321","https://openalex.org/W2220465661","https://openalex.org/W2349090611","https://openalex.org/W2508858047","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2788805965","https://openalex.org/W2789440825","https://openalex.org/W2945949985","https://openalex.org/W2946298178","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W3003166104","https://openalex.org/W3004957259","https://openalex.org/W3016192422","https://openalex.org/W3102020143","https://openalex.org/W3123899295","https://openalex.org/W3136110425","https://openalex.org/W3159581095","https://openalex.org/W3190052090","https://openalex.org/W4285107192","https://openalex.org/W4288370377","https://openalex.org/W6667854719","https://openalex.org/W6745136726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4312950481","https://openalex.org/W2989872913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,35],"the":[1,4,7,61,66,73,79,95,105,123,131,139,142,151,158,161,174],"sintering":[2,8,28,62,159],"process,":[3],"moisture":[5,23,53,91,125,153],"of":[6,21,37,77,141,150],"mixture":[9,22,63,67,90,96,124],"is":[10,24,56,111,146,167,178],"important":[11],"information":[12],"for":[13],"sinter":[14],"quality":[15],"control,":[16],"and":[17,58,85,173],"online":[18],"accurate":[19],"detection":[20,54],"an":[25],"issue":[26],"that":[27,138,149],"plants":[29],"have":[30],"been":[31],"eager":[32],"to":[33,64,89,171,182],"solve.":[34],"pursuit":[36],"such":[38],"a":[39,44,52,99,115],"goal,":[40],"this":[41],"article":[42],"proposes":[43],"soft":[45,100,133,144],"sensor":[46,101,145],"using":[47,130],"heterogeneous":[48,107],"image":[49,68],"features.":[50],"First,":[51],"system":[55],"designed":[57],"installed":[59],"near":[60],"capture":[65],"online.":[69],"Second,":[70],"inspired":[71],"by":[72,129],"water":[74],"watchers\u2019":[75],"experience":[76],"watching":[78],"mixture,":[80],"morphological":[81],"features,":[82,84],"texture":[83],"color":[86],"features":[87,108],"related":[88],"are":[92],"extracted":[93,106],"from":[94,169,180],"images.":[97],"Then,":[98],"model,":[102],"which":[103],"takes":[104],"as":[109],"input,":[110],"proposed":[112,143],"based":[113],"on":[114],"weighted":[116],"ensemble":[117],"semisupervised":[118],"stacked":[119],"autoencoder":[120],"(WE-S-SAE).":[121],"Finally,":[122],"can":[126],"be":[127],"predicted":[128],"WE-S-SAE-based":[132],"sensor.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"performance":[140],"better":[147],"than":[148],"near-infrared":[152],"detector":[154],"(NIMD)":[155],"used":[156],"in":[157],"site,":[160],"root":[162],"mean":[163],"square":[164],"error":[165],"(RMSE)":[166],"reduced":[168],"0.31":[170],"0.174,":[172],"hit":[175],"rate":[176],"(HR)":[177],"enhanced":[179],"46.2%":[181],"77.2%.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
