{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366728013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3269112","title":"Hybrid Semi-Supervised Learning for Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on Grouped Pseudo Labeling and Consistency Regularization","display_name":"Hybrid Semi-Supervised Learning for Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on Grouped Pseudo Labeling and Consistency Regularization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366728013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3269112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3269112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3269112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083297477","display_name":"Baoxuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8919-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baoxuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8919-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014211366","display_name":"Changming Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changming Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012078427","display_name":"Shangyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-3608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-3608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073030532","display_name":"Zhike Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2095-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhike Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2095-7075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083297477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91861738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.751254141330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5928903818130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5074483752250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5019121170043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.48904046416282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4609091877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3747904896736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35644668340682983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.751254141330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5928903818130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5074483752250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5019121170043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.48904046416282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4609091877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3747904896736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35644668340682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3269112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3269112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G32729535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20ZR1425200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3954363449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12121002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4267187286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3400700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4699872592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12072188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7869393110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YJ212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","funder_display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964511482","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2317595875","https://openalex.org/W2412510955","https://openalex.org/W2608571722","https://openalex.org/W2767234670","https://openalex.org/W2768975974","https://openalex.org/W2784186414","https://openalex.org/W2891649471","https://openalex.org/W2902985761","https://openalex.org/W2915423430","https://openalex.org/W2940589124","https://openalex.org/W2947274212","https://openalex.org/W2948539592","https://openalex.org/W2951970475","https://openalex.org/W2952193749","https://openalex.org/W2952229419","https://openalex.org/W2956467153","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2978426779","https://openalex.org/W2979805229","https://openalex.org/W2984144959","https://openalex.org/W2984353870","https://openalex.org/W2990851485","https://openalex.org/W2998506103","https://openalex.org/W3017284317","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3036167902","https://openalex.org/W3037611653","https://openalex.org/W3081021266","https://openalex.org/W3092933885","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3104038788","https://openalex.org/W3114578509","https://openalex.org/W3134416725","https://openalex.org/W3170602832","https://openalex.org/W3175381344","https://openalex.org/W3180562345","https://openalex.org/W3193472521","https://openalex.org/W3205500251","https://openalex.org/W3209458476","https://openalex.org/W4207074816","https://openalex.org/W4214507204","https://openalex.org/W4229067108","https://openalex.org/W4285238259","https://openalex.org/W4288058759","https://openalex.org/W4312529314","https://openalex.org/W6623329352","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6715189028","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6762913911","https://openalex.org/W6764051988","https://openalex.org/W6765939562","https://openalex.org/W6802864417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386805970","https://openalex.org/W2308026613","https://openalex.org/W2379416403","https://openalex.org/W2901600492","https://openalex.org/W1985571776","https://openalex.org/W2165253724","https://openalex.org/W2769374332","https://openalex.org/W2971748376","https://openalex.org/W2403946900","https://openalex.org/W2349091876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Applying":[0],"semi-supervised":[1],"learning":[2],"(SSL)":[3],"methods,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6],"pseudo-labeling":[7,48,100],"and":[8,101,154,171,184,210],"consistency":[9,54,102,185,193,206,228],"regularization,":[10],"to":[11,59,75,106,202,222,257],"rotating":[12],"machinery":[13],"fault":[14,109,247],"diagnosis":[15,110,248],"alleviates":[16],"the":[17,31,45,52,65,68,76,80,117,122,131,142,148,158,161,166,179,208,214,217,225,239,246],"difficulty":[18,77],"of":[19,24,34,47,160,216,250],"obtaining":[20],"a":[21,91,155,234],"large":[22],"amount":[23],"labeled":[25,41,114,170,255],"data":[26,83],"in":[27,78,145,233],"industrial":[28],"practice.":[29],"However,":[30],"low":[32],"accuracy":[33,249],"teacher":[35,143],"models":[36],"initially":[37],"trained":[38],"with":[39,137,191,253],"limited":[40,113],"samples":[42,126,136,175,232,256],"often":[43],"affects":[44],"performance":[46],"methods.":[49],"Besides,":[50],"when":[51],"existing":[53],"regularization":[55,103,186,194],"methods":[56],"are":[57,152,176],"applied":[58],"vibration":[60],"signals,":[61],"there":[62],"is":[63,104,220],"also":[64],"problem":[66],"that":[67,238],"label":[69,123,204,226],"information":[70,205,227],"may":[71],"be":[72],"damaged":[73],"due":[74],"interpreting":[79],"one-dimensional":[81],"(1D)":[82],"augmentation":[84],"(DA)":[85],"tool.":[86],"To":[87],"address":[88],"these":[89],"obstacles,":[90],"novel":[92],"two-stage":[93],"hybrid":[94,241],"SSL":[95,242],"method":[96,133,243],"based":[97],"on":[98],"grouped":[99,173],"developed":[105],"generalize":[107],"mechanical":[108],"ability":[111],"under":[112],"samples.":[115],"In":[116,165,188],"first":[118],"stage,":[119,168],"inspired":[120],"by":[121],"coherence":[124],"among":[125,229],"at":[127],"similar":[128,138],"acquisition":[129,139],"times,":[130],"proposed":[132,240],"fed":[134,177],"signal":[135],"times":[140],"into":[141,178],"network":[144],"groups.":[146],"Then,":[147],"obtained":[149,162],"predicted":[150],"labels":[151],"averaged,":[153],"threshold":[156],"evaluates":[157],"validity":[159],"averaged":[163],"pseudo-labels.":[164],"second":[167],"mixed":[169],"remaining":[172],"unlabeled":[174,231],"student":[180],"model":[181],"for":[182],"supervised":[183],"training.":[187],"addition,":[189],"compared":[190],"traditional":[192],"algorithms":[195],"using":[196],"mean":[197],"square":[198],"error":[199],"(MSE)":[200],"metric":[201],"estimate":[203],"between":[207],"original":[209],"related":[211],"augmented":[212],"samples,":[213],"trace":[215],"covariance":[218],"matrix":[219],"introduced":[221],"realize":[223],"estimating":[224],"multiple":[230],"group.":[235],"Experiments":[236],"verify":[237],"steadily":[244],"improves":[245],"two":[251],"gearboxes":[252],"less":[254],"nearly":[258],"100%.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}