{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360995498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3261939","title":"HiCT: Hierarchical Comprehend of Transformer for Weakly Supervised Object Localization","display_name":"HiCT: Hierarchical Comprehend of Transformer for Weakly Supervised Object Localization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360995498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3261939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3261939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3261939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062187876","display_name":"Wanchun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-6349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanchun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-6349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090985486","display_name":"Xin Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-1980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168337820","display_name":"Chongqing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3v6d52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China","Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-1980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853","https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039435210","display_name":"Hui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-3440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114245","display_name":"Anhui Business College","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0cgn19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114245"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Basic Teaching and Research Department, Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-3440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Basic Teaching and Research Department, Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054721027","display_name":"Jingyao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-9934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115456","display_name":"Chuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/037663q52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115456"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-9934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47720308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7669452428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6780092716217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6768650412559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5740506052970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5662713050842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5624321103096008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.44249606132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43224477767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3529212474822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32456356287002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10749652981758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09084394574165344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7669452428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6780092716217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6768650412559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5740506052970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5662713050842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5624321103096008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.44249606132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43224477767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3529212474822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32456356287002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10749652981758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09084394574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3261939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3261939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2798748179","https://openalex.org/W2883554151","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2963166243","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2990371274","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3024127982","https://openalex.org/W3032908737","https://openalex.org/W3034315787","https://openalex.org/W3034606961","https://openalex.org/W3034747217","https://openalex.org/W3035318183","https://openalex.org/W3046641203","https://openalex.org/W3047554882","https://openalex.org/W3107169861","https://openalex.org/W3110272085","https://openalex.org/W3142837074","https://openalex.org/W3161019677","https://openalex.org/W3168491317","https://openalex.org/W3176171254","https://openalex.org/W3176482836","https://openalex.org/W3176774696","https://openalex.org/W3203048543","https://openalex.org/W3204484221","https://openalex.org/W4200631217","https://openalex.org/W4206893521","https://openalex.org/W4221142752","https://openalex.org/W4226138051","https://openalex.org/W4226320329","https://openalex.org/W4285740942","https://openalex.org/W4292828879","https://openalex.org/W4293193591","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6779430525","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6804825709","https://openalex.org/W6806922093","https://openalex.org/W6810003055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2521627374","https://openalex.org/W2969228573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38],"weakly":[1],"supervised":[2],"object":[3,141],"localization":[4,25],"(WSOL)":[5],"has":[6,76],"always":[7],"been":[8,77],"a":[9,102,114,153],"very":[10],"challenging":[11],"research":[12],"subject":[13],"in":[14,28,79],"the":[15,24,46,56,66,73,80,83,92,123,129,138,145,167,192],"field":[16],"of":[17,26,59,100,140,155,172,184,194],"computer":[18],"vision,":[19],"which":[20,119],"aims":[21,120],"to":[22,121,159,165,190],"predict":[23],"objects":[27],"an":[29,33],"image":[30],"using":[31],"only":[32],"image-level":[34],"class":[35,48,169],"labeling":[36],"approach.":[37],"traditional":[39],"convolutional":[40],"neural":[41],"network":[42],"(CNN)":[43],"based-approaches":[44],"utilize":[45],"local":[47,88,124],"activation":[49],"and":[50,55,104,186],"discrimination":[51],"for":[52],"classification":[53],"guidance,":[54],"biggest":[57],"drawback":[58],"CNN":[60],"is":[61,163],"that":[62],"it":[63],"cannot":[64,85],"capture":[65,87],"remote":[67],"feature":[68,125],"dependencies":[69],"between":[70],"pixels.":[71],"Recently,":[72],"transformer":[74,84],"architecture":[75],"deployed":[78],"WSOL,":[81],"but":[82],"well":[86],"features.":[89],"To":[90,135],"address":[91],"above":[93],"problems,":[94],"we":[95,111,143,176],"propose":[96,113],"HiCT":[97],"(Hierarchical":[98],"comprehend":[99],"transformer),":[101],"simple":[103],"effective":[105],"visual":[106],"converter":[107],"variation":[108],"method.":[109,196],"Moreover,":[110],"also":[112],"discriminative-based":[115],"attention":[116,132],"layer":[117],"(DAL),":[118],"mine":[122],"information":[126],"by":[127],"utilizing":[128],"global":[130],"token":[131],"graph":[133],"mechanism.":[134],"further":[136],"improve":[137,166],"coverage":[139],"localization,":[142],"introduce":[144],"spatial":[146],"aware":[147],"digging":[148],"module":[149],"(SADM).":[150],"In":[151],"addition,":[152],"set":[154],"complementarity":[156],"loss":[157],"calculators":[158],"patch":[160],"hierarchy":[161],"(CPH)":[162],"proposed":[164],"sample":[168],"aggregation":[170],"capability":[171],"our":[173,195],"model.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"conducted":[177],"experiments":[178],"on":[179],"two":[180],"commonly":[181],"used":[182],"datasets":[183],"CUB-200-2011":[185],"ILSVRC,":[187],"so":[188],"as":[189],"verify":[191],"effectiveness":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
