{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321380878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3246534","title":"A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network With Cascaded Supervision for Cross-Scene Crowd Counting","display_name":"A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network With Cascaded Supervision for Cross-Scene Crowd Counting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321380878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3246534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3246534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3246534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-4276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005386879","display_name":"Lina Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-5561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050117558","display_name":"Wencong Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-1537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wencong Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-1537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043862171","display_name":"Xiaohu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030758562","display_name":"Shuhan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-5157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-5157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034812925","display_name":"Congcong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-222X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congcong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-222X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108421969","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90166309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7572355270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6927313208580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6353360414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6349235773086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deconvolution","display_name":"Deconvolution","score":0.5921372175216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5197086930274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5161846280097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4714718163013458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45357784628868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4325387477874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2518848776817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11663869023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08577856421470642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7572355270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927313208580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6353360414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6349235773086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174576160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183700","display_name":"Deconvolution","level":2,"score":0.5921372175216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5197086930274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5161846280097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4714718163013458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45357784628868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4325387477874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2518848776817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11663869023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08577856421470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3246534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3246534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2923719292","display_name":"\u77e5\u8bc6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f3a\u9677\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3841401138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4460656059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18KJB520051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4899977688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324130","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1910776219","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2045494549","https://openalex.org/W2072232009","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2514654788","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2798489385","https://openalex.org/W2798490576","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2948513880","https://openalex.org/W2963402313","https://openalex.org/W2963838390","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2966893608","https://openalex.org/W2967776630","https://openalex.org/W2982014038","https://openalex.org/W2987761108","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3007175960","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3113041473","https://openalex.org/W3119860245","https://openalex.org/W3149292000","https://openalex.org/W3175557814","https://openalex.org/W3176458063","https://openalex.org/W3177167987","https://openalex.org/W3198843251","https://openalex.org/W3203845557","https://openalex.org/W4205890571","https://openalex.org/W4210628166","https://openalex.org/W4285168151","https://openalex.org/W4294310792","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6751887016","https://openalex.org/W6787680731","https://openalex.org/W6842670761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251527294","https://openalex.org/W2369061952","https://openalex.org/W2367122702","https://openalex.org/W1601492201","https://openalex.org/W2132989621","https://openalex.org/W2383495548","https://openalex.org/W2370645350","https://openalex.org/W2015447694","https://openalex.org/W1969590113","https://openalex.org/W3088721469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Counting":[0],"the":[1,19,22,44,48,60,67,75,78,83,91,98,103,107,131,150,170,175,181,197,259,265,298,302],"number":[2],"of":[3,37,47,51,69,77,93,100,109,157,172,184,199,217,272,289],"people":[4],"in":[5,32,85,97,276,292,297],"public":[6],"places":[7],"has":[8],"received":[9],"much":[10,16],"attention,":[11],"and":[12,30,66,102,136,146,227,238,247,251,274,281],"researchers":[13],"have":[14],"devoted":[15],"effort":[17],"to":[18,90,105,153,167,180,194,264],"task.":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[23,79],"crowd":[24,38,61,87,132,176,209,225,236],"counting":[25,39,88,210],"approaches":[26,40],"are":[27,50,63,134,163,187,212,295],"mainly":[28],"trained":[29],"tested":[31],"similar":[33],"scenarios.":[34],"The":[35,126,160,207,287],"performance":[36],"degrades":[41],"sharply":[42],"when":[43],"test":[45],"scenarios":[46],"models":[49],"different":[52,158,185,200,290],"types":[53,216],"from":[54,130,165],"its":[55],"training":[56],"scenes.":[57],"In":[58,169],"practice,":[59],"scenes":[62,226,246],"highly":[64],"variable,":[65],"lack":[68],"cross-scene":[70,86,208],"capability":[71,89],"could":[72],"seriously":[73],"limit":[74],"application":[76],"approaches.":[80],"We":[81,190],"attribute":[82],"improvement":[84],"necessity":[92],"accommodating":[94],"large":[95],"changes":[96],"scale":[99,249],"individuals":[101],"ability":[104],"suppress":[106],"interference":[108],"cluttered":[110],"backgrounds.":[111],"To":[112],"this":[113],"end,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"a":[117],"multi-scale":[118,127],"feature":[119,141,151,155,161,173,182],"fusion":[120],"network":[121,198],"(MFFNet)":[122],"with":[123,223,234,243,254,268],"cascaded":[124,192],"supervision.":[125],"features":[128],"extracted":[129],"images":[133],"upsampled":[135],"then":[137],"combined":[138],"into":[139],"several":[140],"blocks,":[142],"followed":[143],"by":[144],"convolution":[145],"deconvolution":[147],"operations":[148],"on":[149,214],"blocks":[152],"derive":[154],"matrices":[156,162,183],"resolutions.":[159],"fused":[164],"bottom":[166],"top.":[168],"process":[171],"fusion,":[174],"density":[177,202],"maps":[178],"corresponding":[179],"resolutions":[186],"predicted":[188],"separately.":[189],"devise":[191],"supervision":[193],"synchronously":[195],"optimize":[196],"resolution":[201],"map":[203],"prediction":[204],"during":[205],"training.":[206],"experiments":[211],"conducted":[213],"four":[215],"scenes:":[218],"ShanghaiTech":[219,230],"Part_A":[220],"(SHT":[221,232],"A)":[222],"high-density":[224],"small-scale":[228],"individuals,":[229,240,250],"Part_B":[231],"B)":[233],"sparse":[235],"distribution":[237],"medium-scale":[239],"UCF_CC_50":[241],"dataset":[242,253],"extremely":[244],"dense":[245],"tiny":[248],"UCF-QNRF":[252],"extreme":[255],"variations.":[256],"MFFNet":[257],"exhibits":[258],"strongest":[260],"scene":[261],"adaptability":[262],"relative":[263],"state-of-the-art":[266],"approaches,":[267],"an":[269],"average":[270],"decrease":[271],"17.1%":[273],"8.4%":[275],"mean":[277,282],"absolute":[278],"error":[279,284],"(MAE)":[280],"square":[283],"(mse),":[285],"respectively.":[286],"contributions":[288],"components":[291],"our":[293],"method":[294],"verified":[296],"ablation":[299],"study":[300],"using":[301],"devised":[303],"evaluation":[304],"metrics.":[305],"Our":[306],"implementation":[307],"will":[308],"be":[309],"available":[310],"athttps://github.com/learnsharing/MFFNet.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
