{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319990415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3240227","title":"A Novel Deep Odometry Network for Vehicle Positioning Based on Smartphone","display_name":"A Novel Deep Odometry Network for Vehicle Positioning Based on Smartphone","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319990415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3240227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3240227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3240227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/99370/1/Wang_Novel_Deep_Odometry.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101929678","display_name":"Jingxian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-6344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-6344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074114111","display_name":"Duojie Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-4360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duojie Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-4360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006871863","display_name":"Xuanyu Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyu Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060244467","display_name":"Weihao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-0308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-0308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329153","display_name":"Wu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-5191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-5191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":2345,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2345},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2383,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8806131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.8987699747085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8338161110877991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odometry","display_name":"Odometry","score":0.8257810473442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6334788799285889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5194472670555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.46896281838417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45626354217529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.45251867175102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barometer","display_name":"Barometer","score":0.4367287755012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4079936444759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.23139044642448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12721994519233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09349873661994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.07920849323272705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.8987699747085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8338161110877991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49441653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014717","display_name":"Odometry","level":4,"score":0.8257810473442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6334788799285889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5194472670555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.46896281838417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45626354217529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.45251867175102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107284991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79757","display_name":"Barometer","level":2,"score":0.4367287755012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4079936444759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.23139044642448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12721994519233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09349873661994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.07920849323272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3240227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3240227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/99370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/99370","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/99370/1/Wang_Novel_Deep_Odometry.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/99370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/99370","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/99370/1/Wang_Novel_Deep_Odometry.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G397396423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R5009-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334890","funder_display_name":"University Research Committee, University of Hong Kong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307285","display_name":"Impact Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb20j87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334890","display_name":"University Research Committee, University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319990415.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319990415.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495749723","https://openalex.org/W1978623122","https://openalex.org/W2023772872","https://openalex.org/W2048312361","https://openalex.org/W2057237438","https://openalex.org/W2073000195","https://openalex.org/W2103170855","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2131420149","https://openalex.org/W2396274919","https://openalex.org/W2474730334","https://openalex.org/W2584546664","https://openalex.org/W2731131810","https://openalex.org/W2745029865","https://openalex.org/W2766892407","https://openalex.org/W2803658641","https://openalex.org/W2887149528","https://openalex.org/W2903957468","https://openalex.org/W2926054342","https://openalex.org/W2945668765","https://openalex.org/W2954546745","https://openalex.org/W2962994355","https://openalex.org/W2963423603","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2971141820","https://openalex.org/W2990396425","https://openalex.org/W2998677710","https://openalex.org/W2999570098","https://openalex.org/W3024749256","https://openalex.org/W3038975720","https://openalex.org/W3083997743","https://openalex.org/W3101037136","https://openalex.org/W3127214766","https://openalex.org/W3133048288","https://openalex.org/W3185507108","https://openalex.org/W3206165066","https://openalex.org/W4225987994","https://openalex.org/W4312790214","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6780213925","https://openalex.org/W6801086760","https://openalex.org/W6922985466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998370018","https://openalex.org/W3206500252","https://openalex.org/W2597513713","https://openalex.org/W3125052734","https://openalex.org/W3123982513","https://openalex.org/W4280578603","https://openalex.org/W2803265893","https://openalex.org/W2951795132","https://openalex.org/W4312092966","https://openalex.org/W2755286209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartphone":[0],"with":[1,47,56,134,215],"multiple":[2],"sensors":[3],"integration":[4],"has":[5,19],"been":[6,20],"widely":[7,21],"used":[8,22],"for":[9,23,26,195],"navigation.":[10],"The":[11],"inertial":[12],"measurement":[13],"unit":[14,116],"(IMU)":[15],"embedded":[16],"in":[17,72,101,172,208,228],"smartphones":[18,230],"pedestrian":[24],"navigation":[25,55,193],"counting":[27],"steps.":[28],"However,":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31,125,155,226],"a":[32,48,57,91],"challenge":[33],"to":[34,77,95,127,157,190,231],"measure":[35],"the":[36,40,43,62,78,81,105,129,132,135,141,145,149,159,163,168,173,178,196,200,216,223,234,241],"accurate":[37,192],"velocity":[38,109,130],"of":[39,83,107,131,148,162,199],"vehicle":[41,54,97,133],"from":[42,167],"smartphone-embedded":[44],"IMU":[45,108,136,150],"data":[46,139,154],"high":[49],"noise":[50],"level.":[51],"Thus,":[52],"current":[53],"smartphone":[58,174],"relies":[59],"substantially":[60],"on":[61,240],"Global":[63],"Navigation":[64],"Satellite":[65],"System":[66],"(GNSS),":[67],"which":[68,175],"provides":[69],"unreliable":[70],"positions":[71],"urban":[73],"dense":[74],"areas":[75,103],"due":[76],"blockage":[79],"and":[80,137,186,205,210],"reflection":[82],"GNSS":[84],"signals.":[85],"In":[86,181],"this":[87],"study,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"smartphone-based":[92],"positioning":[93,98],"method":[94,202],"improve":[96],"performance":[99],"continuously":[100],"GNSS-degraded":[102],"through":[104],"improvement":[106],"estimation.":[110],"A":[111],"convolutional":[112],"neural":[113],"network\u2013gated":[114],"recurrent":[115],"(CNN-GRU)":[117],"combined":[118],"deep":[119],"learning":[120],"odometry":[121],"network,":[122],"termed":[123],"DeepOdo,":[124],"proposed":[126,201,235],"estimate":[128],"barometer":[138],"as":[140],"input,":[142],"rather":[143],"than":[144],"traditional":[146],"integral":[147],"measurements.":[151],"Raw":[152],"sensor":[153],"utilized":[156],"boost":[158],"robustness.":[160],"Labels":[161],"DeepOdo":[164,187,224],"are":[165,188],"obtained":[166],"integrated":[169,189],"GNSS/IMU/barometer":[170],"solutions":[171,194],"significantly":[176],"simplifies":[177],"dataset":[179],"collection.":[180],"GNSS-denied":[182],"areas,":[183],"IMU,":[184],"barometer,":[185],"provide":[191],"vehicle.":[197],"Results":[198],"show":[203],"73.14%":[204],"98.33%":[206],"improvements":[207],"horizontal":[209],"vertical":[211],"directions,":[212],"respectively,":[213],"compared":[214],"non-holonomic":[217],"constraints":[218],"(NHCs)":[219],"aided":[220],"IMU.":[221],"Finally,":[222],"network":[225],"deployed":[227],"Android":[229],"demonstrate":[232],"that":[233],"solution":[236],"can":[237],"work":[238],"properly":[239],"mobile":[242],"platform.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}