{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312393481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225009","title":"A Novel Integrated Eye-Tracking System With Stereo Stimuli for 3-D Gaze Estimation","display_name":"A Novel Integrated Eye-Tracking System With Stereo Stimuli for 3-D Gaze Estimation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312393481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3225009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031309020","display_name":"Jinglin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-6254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-6254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040270991","display_name":"Zhipeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-3970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-3970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004690476","display_name":"Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-9574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-9574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000190108","display_name":"Peiguang Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-7358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiguang Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Electrical and Information, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-7358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034675261","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-6587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-6587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85705075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.8278409242630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7723795175552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7522193789482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.726626992225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7188047170639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workspace","display_name":"Workspace","score":0.5317002534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.4795379638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.4243600368499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.41859549283981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereo-display","display_name":"Stereo display","score":0.4182218611240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.21443909406661987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.8278409242630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7723795175552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7522193789482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.726626992225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7188047170639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58581272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741163","display_name":"Workspace","level":3,"score":0.5317002534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.4795379638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.4243600368499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.41859549283981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1223959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191960","display_name":"Stereo display","level":2,"score":0.4182218611240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.21443909406661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3225009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3225009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G797288062","display_name":"\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u884c\u4eba\u822a\u4f4d\u63a8\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489725551","https://openalex.org/W1503483822","https://openalex.org/W1628298901","https://openalex.org/W1970779297","https://openalex.org/W1979988262","https://openalex.org/W1998401537","https://openalex.org/W2001252859","https://openalex.org/W2016446292","https://openalex.org/W2022116803","https://openalex.org/W2024285908","https://openalex.org/W2027630611","https://openalex.org/W2038800035","https://openalex.org/W2043586446","https://openalex.org/W2044697119","https://openalex.org/W2056810387","https://openalex.org/W2066359650","https://openalex.org/W2075739290","https://openalex.org/W2082160638","https://openalex.org/W2087277933","https://openalex.org/W2099694931","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106015463","https://openalex.org/W2112761821","https://openalex.org/W2124557245","https://openalex.org/W2125518445","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2135346731","https://openalex.org/W2138571312","https://openalex.org/W2153782322","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2232885197","https://openalex.org/W2280277076","https://openalex.org/W2324926245","https://openalex.org/W2354422866","https://openalex.org/W2522099549","https://openalex.org/W2592853764","https://openalex.org/W2741156154","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2796850409","https://openalex.org/W2804414979","https://openalex.org/W2805715412","https://openalex.org/W2806089969","https://openalex.org/W2915250631","https://openalex.org/W2941240724","https://openalex.org/W2942474547","https://openalex.org/W2963775018","https://openalex.org/W2995030999","https://openalex.org/W3013265159","https://openalex.org/W3013897564","https://openalex.org/W3014193006","https://openalex.org/W3020531458","https://openalex.org/W3111551650","https://openalex.org/W3137292234","https://openalex.org/W4221078550","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6676898375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031744515","https://openalex.org/W1589443630","https://openalex.org/W2805524793","https://openalex.org/W3096464535","https://openalex.org/W2086383524","https://openalex.org/W2396101943","https://openalex.org/W2153251908","https://openalex.org/W3126660769","https://openalex.org/W2100881624","https://openalex.org/W4312393481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye-tracking":[0],"technology":[1],"is":[2,118],"increasingly":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5],"applications":[6,34,256],"such":[7,35,249],"as":[8,36,250],"3D":[9,39,55,62,74,92,115,145,197,251],"displays":[10],"and":[11,26,72,142,158,219,254],"human-computer":[12],"interaction":[13],"(HCI).":[14],"However,":[15],"most":[16],"current":[17],"eye":[18,89,102,123,139,155],"trackers":[19],"focus":[20],"on":[21,121],"2D":[22,133,191],"point-of-gaze":[23],"(PoG)":[24],"estimation":[25,193],"cannot":[27],"provide":[28,52,67],"accurate":[29,54],"gaze":[30,134,146,192,198],"depth.":[31],"Concerning":[32],"future":[33],"HCI":[37],"with":[38,48,69,135,147,168],"displays,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"an":[43],"integrated":[44],"binocular":[45],"eye-tracking":[46,116],"device":[47],"stereo":[49,63,127,162,166],"stimuli":[50,93],"to":[51,175,258],"highly":[53],"PoG":[56],"estimation.":[57],"In":[58],"our":[59,243],"device,":[60],"the":[61,87,106,177,187,200,207,223],"imaging":[64],"system":[65,83,244],"can":[66,84,97],"users":[68],"a":[70,148],"friendly":[71],"immersive":[73],"visual":[75],"experience":[76],"without":[77,94],"wearing":[78],"any":[79],"accessories.":[80],"The":[81],"eye-capturing":[82],"directly":[85],"record":[86],"users\u2019":[88,132],"movements":[90],"under":[91,126],"disturbance,":[95],"which":[96],"realize":[98],"front":[99],"views":[100],"of":[101,110,171,182],"images":[103],"while":[104],"ensuring":[105],"user\u2019s":[107],"wide":[108],"field":[109,172],"view":[111],"(FOV).":[112],"A":[113],"regression-based":[114],"model":[117,130],"built":[119],"based":[120],"collected":[122],"movement":[124,156],"data":[125],"stimuli.":[128,163],"Our":[129],"estimates":[131,144],"features":[136,157,160],"defined":[137],"by":[138,153],"region":[140],"landmarks":[141],"further":[143],"multi-source":[149],"feature":[150],"set":[151],"constructed":[152],"comprehensive":[154],"disparity":[159],"from":[161],"Two":[164,236],"test":[165],"scenes":[167],"different":[169],"depths":[170],"are":[173,203],"designed":[174],"verify":[176],"model\u2019s":[178],"effectiveness.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181],"four-fold":[183],"cross-validation":[184],"show":[185],"that":[186,242],"average":[188,201],"error":[189],"for":[190],"was":[194],"0.65\u00b0.":[195],"For":[196],"estimation,":[199],"errors":[202],"1.69":[204],"cm":[205,215],"over":[206,222],"workspace":[208,224],"volume":[209,225],"50":[210],"\u00d7":[211,213,227,229],"30":[212],"75":[214],"<sup":[216,232],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[217,233],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>":[218,234],"0.14":[220],"m":[221,231],"2.4":[226],"4.0":[228],"7.9":[230],".":[235],"preliminary":[237],"validation":[238],"experiments":[239],"also":[240],"demonstrate":[241],"has":[245],"broad":[246],"application":[247],"prospects,":[248],"vision":[252],"technologies":[253],"medical":[255],"related":[257],"neurological":[259],"diseases.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
