{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312556469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3218105","title":"Isotropy Optimization of Six-Axis Capacitive Force Sensor With a Large Moment-to-Force Ratio","display_name":"Isotropy Optimization of Six-Axis Capacitive Force Sensor With a Large Moment-to-Force Ratio","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312556469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3218105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3218105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3218105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009590518","display_name":"Zexia He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexia He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-6324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045324804","display_name":"Tao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-0264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63829087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.7296700477600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.6899067759513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.6577056646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-quadratic-programming","display_name":"Sequential quadratic programming","score":0.6370865702629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4823567271232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4718335270881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.47141191363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-design","display_name":"Optimal design","score":0.4401249587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3906722068786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3725770115852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.3479059040546417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30021119117736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2689496874809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24291524291038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20084834098815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.18009710311889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13981875777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13725700974464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.08952227234840393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.7296700477600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.6899067759513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6577056646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198927703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373881","display_name":"Sequential quadratic programming","level":3,"score":0.6370865702629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4823567271232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4718335270881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.47141191363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.4401249587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3906722068786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3725770115852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.3479059040546417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30021119117736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2689496874809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24291524291038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20084834098815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.18009710311889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13981875777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13725700974464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08952227234840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3218105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3218105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3498462245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ20E050002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224994639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52175033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6317206018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993695402","https://openalex.org/W1996491871","https://openalex.org/W2002607241","https://openalex.org/W2004870231","https://openalex.org/W2011289888","https://openalex.org/W2022562778","https://openalex.org/W2028697747","https://openalex.org/W2030421203","https://openalex.org/W2033722089","https://openalex.org/W2037514086","https://openalex.org/W2063303665","https://openalex.org/W2066947166","https://openalex.org/W2072354805","https://openalex.org/W2090771768","https://openalex.org/W2091776989","https://openalex.org/W2093036708","https://openalex.org/W2093776163","https://openalex.org/W2114535517","https://openalex.org/W2135817244","https://openalex.org/W2288949877","https://openalex.org/W2289399245","https://openalex.org/W2401252931","https://openalex.org/W2746515375","https://openalex.org/W2804296275","https://openalex.org/W2906268217","https://openalex.org/W2965562066","https://openalex.org/W2981607055","https://openalex.org/W3090048627","https://openalex.org/W3178229566","https://openalex.org/W4205091983","https://openalex.org/W4210405075","https://openalex.org/W6677305601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206704743","https://openalex.org/W4313119266","https://openalex.org/W2164807043","https://openalex.org/W4231448069","https://openalex.org/W2019128690","https://openalex.org/W2128461291","https://openalex.org/W436931041","https://openalex.org/W2355907103","https://openalex.org/W1495847109","https://openalex.org/W2270789747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,98,133],"structural":[4],"isotropy":[5,204],"optimization":[6,205],"method":[7],"for":[8,70,94],"six-axis":[9],"capacitive":[10],"force":[11,142,176],"sensor":[12,88,109,186],"with":[13,80,138],"large":[15],"moment-to-force":[16,148],"ratio":[17],"to":[18,41,63,111,117,153,166],"minimize":[19,64],"its":[20,168],"measuring":[21,45,170],"error":[22,129],"in":[23,194],"the":[24,38,43,71,75,81,103,107,118,122,146,155,158,184,195,203],"strong":[25,196],"cross-axis":[26,197],"coupling":[27,198],"task":[28,199],"scenario.":[29],"The":[30,67,86,126,179],"isotropic":[31],"index":[32],"(condition":[33],"number)":[34],"was":[35,51,89],"taken":[36],"as":[37],"design":[39,56,124],"criterion":[40],"evaluate":[42,167],"sensor\u2019s":[44],"performance.":[46],"A":[47],"single-objective":[48],"optimized":[49,87,159],"model":[50],"established":[52],"using":[53],"Box-Behnken":[54],"experimental":[55,95,180],"(BBD)":[57],"and":[58,92],"response":[59],"surface":[60],"methodology":[61],"(RSM)":[62],"condition":[65,104],"number.":[66],"optimal":[68,123],"values":[69],"geometry":[72],"dimensions":[73],"of":[74,100,106,157,172,191],"elastic":[76],"body":[77],"were":[78,164],"obtained":[79],"sequential":[82],"quadratic":[83],"programming":[84],"algorithm.":[85],"analyzed":[90],"numerically":[91],"fabricated":[93],"verification.":[96],"As":[97],"result":[99],"performance":[101],"optimization,":[102],"number":[105],"prototype":[108,185],"dropped":[110],"nearly":[112],"1.98,":[113],"which":[114],"is":[115,132],"close":[116],"solution":[119],"acquired":[120],"by":[121,201],"method.":[125,206],"maximum":[127],"interference":[128],"below":[130],"3.32%":[131],"better":[134],"practical":[135],"result,":[136],"compared":[137],"other":[139],"commonly":[140],"found":[141],"sensors,":[143],"especially":[144],"considering":[145],"higher":[147],"specification":[149],"(0.12":[150],"N*m/N).":[151],"Finally,":[152],"validate":[154],"applicability":[156],"prototype,":[160],"various":[161],"daily":[162],"activities":[163],"performed":[165],"dynamic":[169],"precision":[171],"three-dimensional":[173],"ground":[174],"reaction":[175],"(3D":[177],"GRF).":[178],"data":[181],"demonstrates":[182],"that":[183],"can":[187],"achieve":[188],"accurate":[189],"monitoring":[190],"3D":[192],"GRF":[193],"scenario":[200],"applying":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}