{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312302556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3214271","title":"Multiscenario Open-Set Gait Recognition Based on Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures","display_name":"Multiscenario Open-Set Gait Recognition Based on Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312302556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3214271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3214271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3214271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397518","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-8653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-8653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062828522","display_name":"Yanyan Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-1253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-1253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406419","display_name":"Beichen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0158-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beichen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0158-9713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434898","display_name":"Qing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-5266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-5266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034901041","display_name":"Yue Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-2999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Beichen, China","School of Electric and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Road No.5340, Beichen District, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-2999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Beichen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Road No.5340, Beichen District, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046996087","display_name":"Kaiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9383-3017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9383-3017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91755458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7042810916900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6965615749359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.6328815221786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5743863582611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5238404273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.49453064799308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.47454413771629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.47283419966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.47075894474983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.4358970820903778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42183953523635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-set","display_name":"Open set","score":0.41128912568092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3659619688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08770236372947693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7042810916900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6965615749359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.6328815221786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5743863582611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5238404273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.49453064799308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.47454413771629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.47283419966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.47075894474983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.4358970820903778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42183953523635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42357961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213363","display_name":"Open set","level":2,"score":0.41128912568092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3659619688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08770236372947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3214271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3214271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2481038826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2573591735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JM-348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2700577834","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u590d\u6742\u7535\u78c1\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u88ab\u52a8\u96f7\u8fbe\u6ce2\u5f62\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5971526899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1032927584","https://openalex.org/W2014470493","https://openalex.org/W2058226207","https://openalex.org/W2058435918","https://openalex.org/W2059879986","https://openalex.org/W2073942619","https://openalex.org/W2102309714","https://openalex.org/W2116100381","https://openalex.org/W2119880843","https://openalex.org/W2138350282","https://openalex.org/W2140578616","https://openalex.org/W2140959843","https://openalex.org/W2145901919","https://openalex.org/W2153594606","https://openalex.org/W2167075312","https://openalex.org/W2167917621","https://openalex.org/W2172009249","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2526075485","https://openalex.org/W2793655483","https://openalex.org/W2798205579","https://openalex.org/W2885201931","https://openalex.org/W2887770386","https://openalex.org/W2895752198","https://openalex.org/W2901114541","https://openalex.org/W2944320448","https://openalex.org/W2963149653","https://openalex.org/W2965924798","https://openalex.org/W2984889632","https://openalex.org/W2997725121","https://openalex.org/W3035040255","https://openalex.org/W3035081753","https://openalex.org/W3046575259","https://openalex.org/W3083068801","https://openalex.org/W3088179323","https://openalex.org/W3089685169","https://openalex.org/W3119526232","https://openalex.org/W3132773732","https://openalex.org/W3142041738","https://openalex.org/W3169117630","https://openalex.org/W3173143593","https://openalex.org/W3175671973","https://openalex.org/W3204177023","https://openalex.org/W3216606786","https://openalex.org/W4205984557","https://openalex.org/W4213304394","https://openalex.org/W4220880371","https://openalex.org/W4281707496","https://openalex.org/W4285328145","https://openalex.org/W6776700526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557094818","https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W3185413894","https://openalex.org/W1905194803","https://openalex.org/W2137411393","https://openalex.org/W1923394858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unlike":[0],"face":[1],"recognition,":[2,43],"gait":[3,42,59,66,99,166,198,205],"recognition":[4,60,100,199,206],"does":[5],"not":[6],"require":[7],"the":[8,34,75,84,94,146,153,171,179,183,194],"cooperation":[9],"of":[10,36,86,96],"human":[11],"targets,":[12],"making":[13],"it":[14,71],"an":[15,131],"attractive":[16],"research":[17,29,45,202],"area":[18],"in":[19,30,57,110,156,207],"both":[20,145],"academia":[21],"and":[22,101,129,148,161,210],"industry.":[23],"While":[24],"there":[25],"has":[26,46],"been":[27,47],"extensive":[28],"recent":[31],"years":[32],"on":[33,49,93],"feasibility":[35],"employing":[37],"radar":[38,154],"micro-Doppler":[39],"signatures":[40],"for":[41,168,192],"little":[44],"conducted":[48],"how":[50],"to":[51,63,119,215],"deal":[52],"with":[53,123],"unknown":[54,76],"target":[55],"detection":[56,135],"micro-Doppler-based":[58,164],"problems,":[61],"referred":[62],"as":[64],"\u2019open-set\u2019":[65],"recognition.":[67,112],"In":[68,88],"this":[69,89],"case,":[70],"is":[72],"probable":[73],"that":[74,107,138,178],"samples":[77],"will":[78],"resemble":[79],"known":[80],"samples,":[81],"hence":[82],"increasing":[83],"likelihood":[85],"misclassification.":[87],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"focus":[92],"problem":[95],"multi-scenario":[97,165,196],"open-set":[98,105,111,186,197],"present":[102],"a":[103,115,124,163],"new":[104],"classifier":[106],"minimizes":[108],"misclassification":[109],"We":[113,151],"create":[114],"compact":[116],"representation":[117],"space":[118],"reduce":[120],"false":[121,139],"negatives":[122],"supervised":[125],"contrastive":[126],"learning":[127],"method":[128,181],"propose":[130],"ensemble-based":[132],"out-of-distribution":[133],"(OOD)":[134],"module":[136],"so":[137],"positives":[140],"can":[141],"be":[142],"alleviated":[143],"at":[144],"pixel":[147],"semantic":[149],"levels.":[150],"perform":[152],"measurements":[155],"eight":[157],"different":[158],"walking":[159],"manners":[160],"construct":[162],"dataset":[167],"further":[169],"evaluate":[170],"proposed":[172,180],"method\u2019s":[173],"performance.":[174],"The":[175],"results":[176],"reveal":[177],"outperforms":[182],"previous":[184],"state-of-the-art":[185],"models,":[187],"demonstrating":[188],"its":[189],"great":[190],"potential":[191],"solving":[193],"radar-based":[195],"problem.":[200],"This":[201],"would":[203],"facilitate":[204],"complex":[208],"scenarios":[209],"make":[211],"non-contact":[212],"sensing":[213],"applicable":[214],"industrial":[216],"security.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}