{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313170859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3212114","title":"An Online Performance Index for the Kalman Filter","display_name":"An Online Performance Index for the Kalman Filter","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313170859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3212114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3212114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3212114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011460457","display_name":"Wei Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6574-1809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6574-1809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102727431","display_name":"Xiaoli Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-1922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-1922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023417619","display_name":"Shunyi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5363-8305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunyi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5363-8305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394563","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-2605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74679274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7983640432357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6078050136566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5766069293022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5656286478042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5647673606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","score":0.5145248770713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.45456862449645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4476819634437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.434510737657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.41014543175697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3506118059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34461510181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3243277668952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2891317307949066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1661340892314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.08918246626853943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7983640432357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6078050136566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5766069293022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5656286478042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5647673606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.5145248770713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.45456862449645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4476819634437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.434510737657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.41014543175697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3506118059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34461510181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3243277668952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2891317307949066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1661340892314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.08918246626853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3212114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3212114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152745491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5426409165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6249416006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7885040424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61991402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519236962","https://openalex.org/W1597511566","https://openalex.org/W1977201900","https://openalex.org/W1993595542","https://openalex.org/W2012090168","https://openalex.org/W2022698140","https://openalex.org/W2044533293","https://openalex.org/W2061893297","https://openalex.org/W2072115463","https://openalex.org/W2083402998","https://openalex.org/W2102047877","https://openalex.org/W2122246449","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2128457724","https://openalex.org/W2154705574","https://openalex.org/W2156170806","https://openalex.org/W2162719021","https://openalex.org/W2162854795","https://openalex.org/W2165595533","https://openalex.org/W2290903912","https://openalex.org/W2618338767","https://openalex.org/W2802121951","https://openalex.org/W3025398449","https://openalex.org/W3027009492","https://openalex.org/W3115892855","https://openalex.org/W4212797613","https://openalex.org/W4214741277","https://openalex.org/W4214744625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089114113","https://openalex.org/W2389555968","https://openalex.org/W2399035783","https://openalex.org/W2352634297","https://openalex.org/W2320550378","https://openalex.org/W2020144404","https://openalex.org/W4372347353","https://openalex.org/W3161230432","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,38],"propose":[4],"a":[5,42,141,162],"performance":[6,19,32,115],"index":[7,44],"(PI)":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,17,21,27,54,59,63,71,73,80,83,88,99,105,109,113,120,127,131,149,152,159,166],"point":[11],"rather":[12],"than":[13],"batches":[14],"to":[15,40,97,111,129,147],"quantify":[16,112],"real-time":[18],"of":[20,29,75,85,104,135,151,165],"Kalman":[22],"filter":[23],"(KF).":[24],"To":[25],"avoid":[26],"problem":[28],"describing":[30],"KF":[31,60,114],"that":[33,45,57,158],"may":[34],"require":[35,48],"actual":[36,49,123],"values,":[37],"attempt":[39],"find":[41],"new":[43],"does":[46],"not":[47],"values.":[50],"The":[51,101,155],"uncertainty":[52,76],"is":[53,68,77,91,95,108],"main":[55,102],"factor":[56],"makes":[58],"deviate":[61],"from":[62,70,87],"optimal":[64,89],"estimate.":[65],"Uncertainty":[66],"information":[67],"extracted":[69],"observations,":[72],"effect":[74],"projected":[78],"onto":[79],"KF,":[81],"and":[82,125,133,140],"degree":[84],"deviation":[86],"estimate":[90],"then":[92],"obtained,":[93],"which":[94],"unitized":[96],"reflect":[98],"performance.":[100,167],"advantage":[103],"proposed":[106,153],"PI":[107,160],"ability":[110],"in":[116],"real":[117],"time":[118],"without":[119,126],"need":[121,128],"for":[122],"values":[124],"know":[130],"type":[132],"source":[134],"uncertainty.":[136],"Two":[137],"numerical":[138],"examples":[139],"practice-oriented":[142],"case":[143],"study":[144],"are":[145],"given":[146],"illustrate":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"approach.":[154],"results":[156],"show":[157],"provides":[161],"good":[163],"representation":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
