{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312710397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3210943","title":"A Survey on Acoustic Positioning Systems for Location-Based Services","display_name":"A Survey on Acoustic Positioning Systems for Location-Based Services","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312710397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3210943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3210943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3210943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/57861/3/Survey_Aparicio_IEEE_Trans_Instrum_Meas_2022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067631575","display_name":"Joaq\u00fa\u0131n Aparicio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquin Aparicio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-1318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711342","display_name":"Fernando J. \u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-1452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando J. Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-1452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063313091","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-8133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005880668","display_name":"Sverre Holm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-705X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sverre Holm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-705X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88479361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6812343001365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6795183420181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.5148369669914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5058391094207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44522422552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4189727008342743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21846088767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.19658240675926208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6812343001365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6795183420181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5148369669914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5058391094207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44522422552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4189727008342743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21846088767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.19658240675926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3210943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3210943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/57861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57861","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/57861/3/Survey_Aparicio_IEEE_Trans_Instrum_Meas_2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/57861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57861","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/57861/3/Survey_Aparicio_IEEE_Trans_Instrum_Meas_2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1412991689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MICROCEBUS (RTI2018-095168-B-C51/C54)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702645019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"269614","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3021511472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POM (PID2019-105470RA-C33)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6298273575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323260","display_name":"Universitetet i Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312710397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312710397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":235,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520638303","https://openalex.org/W1531720731","https://openalex.org/W1579755477","https://openalex.org/W1592650911","https://openalex.org/W1593595890","https://openalex.org/W1599976967","https://openalex.org/W1604788933","https://openalex.org/W1631599597","https://openalex.org/W1636306242","https://openalex.org/W1653139138","https://openalex.org/W1861533369","https://openalex.org/W1885398499","https://openalex.org/W1939116153","https://openalex.org/W1967303104","https://openalex.org/W1967740178","https://openalex.org/W1968099658","https://openalex.org/W1971139493","https://openalex.org/W1971169548","https://openalex.org/W1971920230","https://openalex.org/W1973609478","https://openalex.org/W1973777617","https://openalex.org/W1974366558","https://openalex.org/W1976867558","https://openalex.org/W1977687024","https://openalex.org/W1983726945","https://openalex.org/W1985101185","https://openalex.org/W1988404737","https://openalex.org/W1988497975","https://openalex.org/W1988932530","https://openalex.org/W1996809505","https://openalex.org/W1997572213","https://openalex.org/W2001435204","https://openalex.org/W2006023663","https://openalex.org/W2008263014","https://openalex.org/W2014431057","https://openalex.org/W2017231306","https://openalex.org/W2023923947","https://openalex.org/W2026848382","https://openalex.org/W2029569207","https://openalex.org/W2034782889","https://openalex.org/W2034816097","https://openalex.org/W2036946260","https://openalex.org/W2037361882","https://openalex.org/W2044322720","https://openalex.org/W2045881346","https://openalex.org/W2047443202","https://openalex.org/W2048705698","https://openalex.org/W2048967152","https://openalex.org/W2051080254","https://openalex.org/W2055253444","https://openalex.org/W2055338934","https://openalex.org/W2058399806","https://openalex.org/W2062120797","https://openalex.org/W2066219627","https://openalex.org/W2066803316","https://openalex.org/W2068415364","https://openalex.org/W2068800064","https://openalex.org/W2072670885","https://openalex.org/W2075668855","https://openalex.org/W2075707868","https://openalex.org/W2080766307","https://openalex.org/W2082214759","https://openalex.org/W2085627266","https://openalex.org/W2086954706","https://openalex.org/W2087834451","https://openalex.org/W2088208138","https://openalex.org/W2091457977","https://openalex.org/W2093431165","https://openalex.org/W2094776674","https://openalex.org/W2095261411","https://openalex.org/W2095651282","https://openalex.org/W2097274038","https://openalex.org/W2098434499","https://openalex.org/W2098899602","https://openalex.org/W2099372035","https://openalex.org/W2099955327","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2103351017","https://openalex.org/W2104866265","https://openalex.org/W2105562580","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2106048721","https://openalex.org/W2106084686","https://openalex.org/W2106552737","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2109747901","https://openalex.org/W2110686833","https://openalex.org/W2112474155","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2114187082","https://openalex.org/W2118602640","https://openalex.org/W2121477819","https://openalex.org/W2122200441","https://openalex.org/W2125392179","https://openalex.org/W2125502471","https://openalex.org/W2126541908","https://openalex.org/W2127157498","https://openalex.org/W2128587884","https://openalex.org/W2133353795","https://openalex.org/W2134474389","https://openalex.org/W2138753765","https://openalex.org/W2139017160","https://openalex.org/W2139251061","https://openalex.org/W2139964274","https://openalex.org/W2141404075","https://openalex.org/W2141592300","https://openalex.org/W2146001720","https://openalex.org/W2146270659","https://openalex.org/W2146549677","https://openalex.org/W2152987239","https://openalex.org/W2153416680","https://openalex.org/W2153693539","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2154418813","https://openalex.org/W2155284380","https://openalex.org/W2155777360","https://openalex.org/W2158777624","https://openalex.org/W2159982924","https://openalex.org/W2160312307","https://openalex.org/W2160394545","https://openalex.org/W2160483716","https://openalex.org/W2160828984","https://openalex.org/W2164900902","https://openalex.org/W2167163268","https://openalex.org/W2168657514","https://openalex.org/W2171785275","https://openalex.org/W2183437967","https://openalex.org/W2188753063","https://openalex.org/W2207756065","https://openalex.org/W2269319342","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2303595487","https://openalex.org/W2335413077","https://openalex.org/W2341720557","https://openalex.org/W2407678032","https://openalex.org/W2460055519","https://openalex.org/W2484707239","https://openalex.org/W2512713736","https://openalex.org/W2525860450","https://openalex.org/W2538535315","https://openalex.org/W2547774901","https://openalex.org/W2551530225","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2562522049","https://openalex.org/W2571389231","https://openalex.org/W2591580866","https://openalex.org/W2595547504","https://openalex.org/W2603071509","https://openalex.org/W2604710118","https://openalex.org/W2615849605","https://openalex.org/W2616327917","https://openalex.org/W2616603516","https://openalex.org/W2617074175","https://openalex.org/W2738084130","https://openalex.org/W2742299865","https://openalex.org/W2744195175","https://openalex.org/W2747945815","https://openalex.org/W2767610279","https://openalex.org/W2769351829","https://openalex.org/W2771799915","https://openalex.org/W2776656643","https://openalex.org/W2790814975","https://openalex.org/W2793344150","https://openalex.org/W2799914042","https://openalex.org/W2800142369","https://openalex.org/W2804948039","https://openalex.org/W2810107285","https://openalex.org/W2883672087","https://openalex.org/W2890475204","https://openalex.org/W2890639900","https://openalex.org/W2900776615","https://openalex.org/W2903083958","https://openalex.org/W2914242428","https://openalex.org/W2939954201","https://openalex.org/W2940024573","https://openalex.org/W2944884507","https://openalex.org/W2946408645","https://openalex.org/W2963577574","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2964807617","https://openalex.org/W2970899618","https://openalex.org/W2977625447","https://openalex.org/W2981223452","https://openalex.org/W2992379457","https://openalex.org/W2996481532","https://openalex.org/W2997135199","https://openalex.org/W2998471161","https://openalex.org/W3000738718","https://openalex.org/W3004181259","https://openalex.org/W3009570207","https://openalex.org/W3014229381","https://openalex.org/W3016776726","https://openalex.org/W3021039615","https://openalex.org/W3036680815","https://openalex.org/W3036956751","https://openalex.org/W3040475403","https://openalex.org/W3043027543","https://openalex.org/W3046258263","https://openalex.org/W3047491762","https://openalex.org/W3047749420","https://openalex.org/W3080824426","https://openalex.org/W3080889385","https://openalex.org/W3089147501","https://openalex.org/W3094445763","https://openalex.org/W3101265877","https://openalex.org/W3106866982","https://openalex.org/W3111812689","https://openalex.org/W3115809331","https://openalex.org/W3120534983","https://openalex.org/W3131461523","https://openalex.org/W3133879316","https://openalex.org/W3156444033","https://openalex.org/W3156742042","https://openalex.org/W3165055106","https://openalex.org/W3167119432","https://openalex.org/W3195170643","https://openalex.org/W4206219710","https://openalex.org/W4206549221","https://openalex.org/W4206601444","https://openalex.org/W4225938251","https://openalex.org/W4233748389","https://openalex.org/W4237027380","https://openalex.org/W4243439813","https://openalex.org/W4246289170","https://openalex.org/W4251359016","https://openalex.org/W6631008727","https://openalex.org/W6631486396","https://openalex.org/W6634646830","https://openalex.org/W6635827122","https://openalex.org/W6674212666","https://openalex.org/W6682801256","https://openalex.org/W6683721666","https://openalex.org/W6686165159","https://openalex.org/W6772860008","https://openalex.org/W6773595348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376969857","https://openalex.org/W614679600","https://openalex.org/W2110252992","https://openalex.org/W2365309764","https://openalex.org/W2025635845","https://openalex.org/W2185486561","https://openalex.org/W2162082378","https://openalex.org/W2160582905","https://openalex.org/W2295914752","https://openalex.org/W2390516150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positioning":[0],"systems":[1,99,122,139,174],"have":[2,78,100,124],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"popular":[5],"in":[6,86,103,175],"the":[7,27,33,46,104,117,132,145,151,156,158,163,169,189,196,205],"last":[8,105],"decade":[9],"for":[10,41],"location-based":[11],"services":[12],"such":[13,51,154,210],"as":[14,52,66,155,211],"navigation":[15],"and":[16,19,90,111,120,181,213,219],"asset":[17],"tracking":[18],"management.":[20],"As":[21],"opposed":[22],"to":[23,70,79,134,149],"outdoor":[24],"positioning,":[25],"where":[26],"Global":[28],"Navigation":[29],"Satellite":[30],"System":[31],"became":[32],"standard":[34],"technology,":[35],"there":[36],"is":[37],"no":[38],"consensus":[39],"yet":[40],"indoor":[42],"environments":[43],"despite":[44],"of":[45,48,88,172,177,191,204],"availability":[47],"different":[49,141],"technologies,":[50],"radiofrequency,":[53],"magnetic":[54],"field,":[55],"visual":[56],"light":[57],"communications,":[58],"or":[59,162],"acoustics.":[60],"Within":[61],"these":[62,138,173,192],"options,":[63],"acoustics":[64],"emerged":[65],"a":[67],"promising":[68],"alternative":[69],"obtain":[71],"high-accuracy":[72],"low-cost":[73],"systems.":[74],"Nevertheless,":[75],"acoustic":[76,97,164],"signals":[77],"face":[80],"very":[81],"demanding":[82],"propagation":[83],"conditions,":[84],"particularly":[85],"terms":[87,176],"multipath":[89],"Doppler":[91],"effect.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"even":[94],"if":[95],"many":[96],"positioning":[98],"been":[101,125],"proposed":[102],"decades,":[106],"it":[107],"remains":[108],"an":[109,202],"active":[110],"challenging":[112],"topic.":[113],"This":[114],"paper":[115],"surveys":[116],"developed":[118],"prototypes":[119],"commercial":[121],"that":[123],"presented":[126],"since":[127],"they":[128,147],"first":[129],"appeared":[130],"around":[131],"1980s,":[133],"2022.":[135],"We":[136],"classify":[137],"into":[140],"groups":[142,193],"depending":[143],"on":[144,195],"observable":[146],"use":[148],"calculate":[150],"user":[152],"position,":[153],"Time-Of-Flight,":[157],"Received":[159],"Signal":[160],"Strength,":[161],"spectrum.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"we":[167,187],"summarize":[168],"main":[170],"properties":[171],"accuracy,":[178],"coverage":[179,207],"area":[180],"update":[182],"rate,":[183],"among":[184],"others.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"evaluate":[188],"limitations":[190],"based":[194],"link":[197],"budget":[198],"approach,":[199],"which":[200],"gives":[201],"overview":[203],"system\u2019s":[206],"from":[208],"parameters":[209],"source":[212],"noise":[214],"level,":[215],"detection":[216],"threshold,":[217],"attenuation,":[218],"processing":[220],"gain.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}