{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293370779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201945","title":"Real-Time Terahertz Characterization of Minor Defects by the YOLOX-MSA Network","display_name":"Real-Time Terahertz Characterization of Minor Defects by the YOLOX-MSA Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293370779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3201945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053974119","display_name":"Xingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","an Jiaotong University Shenzhen Academy, Nanshan District, Science and Technology Park, Shenzhen, China","Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-8243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University Shenzhen Academy, Nanshan District, Science and Technology Park, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064537603","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-2111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074984891","display_name":"Yafei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-8174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925067","display_name":"Liuyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an, China","Xi&#x2019","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","an Jiaotong University Shenzhen Academy, Nanshan District, Science and Technology Park, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-5452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University Shenzhen Academy, Nanshan District, Science and Technology Park, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011148961","display_name":"Ruqiang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-4084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruqiang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-4084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779843","display_name":"Xuefeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053974119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92712048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.777725338935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5421029925346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5226224064826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4162994921207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35034236311912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.14809703826904297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.777725338935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5421029925346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5226224064826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4162994921207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35034236311912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.14809703826904297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3201945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2067331912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51805414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3991833460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20180306170652664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6746490557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52175115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8693467397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ19A020002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2012496675","https://openalex.org/W2054831422","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2232837975","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2944303778","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2990763144","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3041716045","https://openalex.org/W3102571413","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3196944692","https://openalex.org/W3197152125","https://openalex.org/W3207764742","https://openalex.org/W4205804161","https://openalex.org/W4226268415","https://openalex.org/W4281659178","https://openalex.org/W4285109947","https://openalex.org/W4285490787","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6798838024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866","https://openalex.org/W2890072373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terahertz":[0],"(THz)":[1],"imaging":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,149],"industrial":[8,35,171],"non-destructive":[9],"testing":[10],"(NDT)":[11],"of":[12,48,52,157,166],"nonpolar":[13,158],"materials":[14],"owing":[15],"to":[16,82,127,144],"its":[17],"unique":[18],"property.":[19],"Minor":[20],"defect":[21,41,79,168],"detection":[22,37,42,51,80,85,129,169],"via":[23],"THz":[24,111,147],"NDT":[25,148],"at":[26,103],"high":[27],"accuracy":[28,86],"and":[29,61],"fast":[30],"speed":[31,130],"is":[32,73,119],"essential":[33],"for":[34,170],"on-line":[36],"systems.":[38],"However,":[39],"traditional":[40],"algorithms":[43],"can&#x2019;t":[44],"meet":[45],"the":[46,58,67,84,89,97,107,114,122,128,146,150,154,163],"demand":[47],"real-time":[49,90,167],"high-precision":[50],"minor":[53,78,155],"defects.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57,106,153],"YOLOX":[59,69],"algorithm":[60,124],"multi":[62],"scale":[63],"attention":[64],"(MSA)":[65],"mechanism,":[66],"modified":[68],"network":[70,95],"called":[71],"YOLOX-MSA":[72,94],"proposed":[74,93,123,139],"as":[75,131],"a":[76],"one-stage":[77],"framework":[81],"improve":[83],"while":[87],"supporting":[88],"operation.":[91],"The":[92],"improves":[96],"mean":[98],"average":[99],"precision":[100],"(mAP)":[101],"by":[102],"least":[104],"11.65%":[105],"PCBs":[108],"dataset":[109],"with":[110],"characteristics":[112],"when":[113],"Intersection":[115],"over":[116],"Union":[117],"(IoU)":[118],"0.75.":[120],"Additionally,":[121],"can":[125,141],"reach":[126],"24&#x007E;25":[132],"Frame":[133],"Per":[134],"Second":[135],"(FPS).":[136],"Overall,":[137],"our":[138],"method":[140],"be":[142],"beneficial":[143],"generalize":[145],"frequency":[151],"domain":[152],"defects":[156],"material,":[159],"which":[160],"will":[161],"fulfill":[162],"impending":[164],"requirements":[165],"applications.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
