{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293370658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201938","title":"Object Tracking Based on the Fusion of Roadside LiDAR and Camera Data","display_name":"Object Tracking Based on the Fusion of Roadside LiDAR and Camera Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293370658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3201938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045917575","display_name":"Shujian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-582X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Shandong University and Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Co., LTD, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-582X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University and Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Co., LTD, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001572503","display_name":"Rendong Pi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109718","display_name":"Shandong Transportation Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcts620","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rendong Pi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109718","https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878","https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068480415","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-9640"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Company Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-9640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062752265","display_name":"Xinming Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-7225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109718","display_name":"Shandong Transportation Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcts620","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109718"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinming Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-7225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109718","https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000325764","display_name":"Youfu Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youfu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Company Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-7680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018556447","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-1029"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Company Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-1029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Hi-Speed Construction Management Group Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028735993","display_name":"Yuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-2294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109718","display_name":"Shandong Transportation Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcts620","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109718"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-2294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109718","https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90872473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.7507786750793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7285110950469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.72715163230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6829725503921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6586898565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6532455086708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6406288146972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.6365457773208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5259497165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.502047061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.48097148537635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.47201675176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4692801237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4219832718372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.41643136739730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4100538492202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33903923630714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18315133452415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1791156828403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.1530728042125702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.14240175485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12033155560493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.09111830592155457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7507786750793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7285110950469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.72715163230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6829725503921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6586898565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6532455086708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6406288146972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.6365457773208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5259497165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.502047061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.48097148537635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.47201675176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4692801237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4219832718372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.41643136739730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4100538492202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33903923630714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18315133452415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1791156828403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.1530728042125702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.14240175485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12033155560493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.09111830592155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3201938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3201938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2740437845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CXGC010118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329857","funder_display_name":"Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5349927299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SYG202033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336618","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Suzhou"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6279624199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52002224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329857","display_name":"Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336618","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Suzhou","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041670460","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2790715811","https://openalex.org/W2794631752","https://openalex.org/W2811025443","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2900327972","https://openalex.org/W2909746114","https://openalex.org/W2945926083","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2951896883","https://openalex.org/W2965376383","https://openalex.org/W2965843888","https://openalex.org/W2966535964","https://openalex.org/W2969262604","https://openalex.org/W2970040369","https://openalex.org/W2977487707","https://openalex.org/W2983227562","https://openalex.org/W2995633532","https://openalex.org/W3000171824","https://openalex.org/W3010627055","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3034693849","https://openalex.org/W3045040561","https://openalex.org/W3100953775","https://openalex.org/W3104641012","https://openalex.org/W3132607695","https://openalex.org/W3135204376","https://openalex.org/W3163389686","https://openalex.org/W3172446114","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3195116950","https://openalex.org/W3196686707","https://openalex.org/W3200676841","https://openalex.org/W3207937839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318603563","https://openalex.org/W2803307304","https://openalex.org/W3176389629","https://openalex.org/W2800523621","https://openalex.org/W3011975694","https://openalex.org/W2339054183","https://openalex.org/W4379467923","https://openalex.org/W887692824","https://openalex.org/W2994507026","https://openalex.org/W2477169924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"road":[1],"users":[2],"with":[3,18],"high":[4,107],"resolution":[5],"is":[6,44],"important":[7],"for":[8,48],"connected":[9],"vehicles.":[10],"Due":[11],"to":[12,31,34,69,84],"the":[13,25,61,70,73,79,93,116,122],"complicated":[14],"environments,":[15],"tracking":[16,57,104,114],"objects":[17],"a":[19,45,55],"single":[20],"sensor":[21],"could":[22],"not":[23],"meet":[24],"requirements":[26],"of":[27,63,75,92,111,118,125],"high-resolution":[28],"trajectories":[29,39],"due":[30],"occlusions.":[32],"How":[33],"acquire":[35],"accurate":[36],"and":[37,50,66,77,121,144],"complete":[38],"based":[40,59],"on":[41,60],"multi-source":[42],"data":[43],"major":[46],"challenge":[47],"researchers":[49],"engineers.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"developed":[54],"novel":[56],"method":[58,95,105,130],"fusion":[62],"roadside":[64],"LiDAR":[65],"camera.":[67],"According":[68],"relationship":[71],"between":[72],"number":[74],"points":[76],"distance,":[78],"adaptive":[80],"weight":[81],"coefficient":[82],"related":[83],"3D":[85],"trajectory":[86],"information":[87],"was":[88,96],"determined.":[89],"The":[90,102,128],"performance":[91,108],"proposed":[94,103,129],"evaluated":[97],"at":[98],"five":[99],"selected":[100],"sites.":[101],"had":[106],"in":[109],"terms":[110],"speed":[112,142],"calculation,":[113],"range,":[115],"rate":[117,124],"object":[119],"loss,":[120],"repairing":[123],"disconnected":[126],"trajectories.":[127],"can":[131],"benefit":[132],"many":[133],"transportation":[134],"areas,":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137],"traffic":[138,145],"volume":[139],"counting,":[140],"vehicle":[141],"tracking,":[143],"safety":[146],"analysis.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
