{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294664059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196727","title":"A Fast-Settling Frequency Synthesizer Using Statistical Frequency Measurement Method","display_name":"A Fast-Settling Frequency Synthesizer Using Statistical Frequency Measurement Method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294664059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3196727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031594903","display_name":"Kuan-Ping Hsieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Ping Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-3287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101577192","display_name":"Yi\u2010Ting Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-8756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ting Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-8756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031832895","display_name":"Yun-Chih Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-9326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Chih Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-9326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049657276","display_name":"Yi\u2010Jan Emery Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-0393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Jan Emery Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-0393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55641326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.8722785711288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.7758350968360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.6849700808525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.6485317945480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6224647164344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time","display_name":"Settling time","score":0.5661176443099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5377696752548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.4760603606700897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.4557203948497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43852078914642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.41590744256973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.39657723903656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37935706973075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34176549315452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23318690061569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.21566060185432434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.8722785711288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.7758350968360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.6849700808525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.6485317945480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6224647164344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.5661176443099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5377696752548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.4760603606700897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.4557203948497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43852078914642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.41590744256973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.39657723903656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37935706973075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34176549315452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23318690061569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.21566060185432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160030872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864","display_name":"Step response","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3196727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5120471317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2221-E-002-135-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5738775462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2622-8-002-010-TA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8175309255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106-2221-E-002-212-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510463936","https://openalex.org/W1987860578","https://openalex.org/W1989060291","https://openalex.org/W2025067174","https://openalex.org/W2028418312","https://openalex.org/W2085657659","https://openalex.org/W2108340203","https://openalex.org/W2112992788","https://openalex.org/W2118154600","https://openalex.org/W2125632204","https://openalex.org/W2136651669","https://openalex.org/W2161188683","https://openalex.org/W2172803088","https://openalex.org/W2536648350","https://openalex.org/W2907370351","https://openalex.org/W3009155235","https://openalex.org/W3011762449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166555237","https://openalex.org/W2622028395","https://openalex.org/W2093119242","https://openalex.org/W2769992427","https://openalex.org/W2178871507","https://openalex.org/W2085674059","https://openalex.org/W1967648323","https://openalex.org/W2563014579","https://openalex.org/W2026158243","https://openalex.org/W2546576746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,30,66,85,108,127],"reconfigurable":[4],"RF":[5],"frequency":[6,27,32,41,44,102,110],"synthesizer":[7,28,89,106],"implemented":[8],"with":[9,119],"the":[10,17,38,48,50,53,71,74,88,92,97,101,120],"field":[11],"programmable":[12],"gate":[13],"array":[14],"(FPGA)":[15],"and":[16,42,56,63,99,125],"digital-controlled":[18],"oscillator":[19],"(DCO)":[20],"fabricated":[21],"in":[22,65],"0.18-μm":[23],"CMOS":[24],"technology.":[25],"The":[26,105],"uses":[29],"fractional":[31],"ratio":[33],"calculator":[34],"(FRC)":[35],"to":[36,47,82,116],"measure":[37],"DCO":[39,54,93],"output":[40,111],"realize":[43],"locking.":[45],"Thanks":[46],"FRC,":[49],"correlation":[51],"of":[52,70,76,122,130],"frequencies":[55],"its":[57],"control":[58,94],"codes":[59],"can":[60],"be":[61],"characterized":[62],"stored":[64],"look-up":[67],"table":[68],"(LUT)":[69],"FPGA":[72],"without":[73],"need":[75],"external":[77],"measurement":[78],"instruments.":[79],"When":[80],"requested":[81],"settle":[83],"at":[84],"new":[86],"frequency,":[87],"looks":[90],"for":[91],"code":[95],"from":[96,113],"LUT":[98],"performs":[100],"locking":[103],"routine.":[104],"covers":[107],"wide":[109],"range":[112],"496":[114],"MHz":[115,118],"2470":[117],"resolution":[121],"195":[123],"kHz":[124],"achieves":[126],"settling":[128],"time":[129],"32.5":[131],"-":[132],"45":[133],"nanoseconds.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}