{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289656096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196116","title":"A Normal Behavior Model Based on Power Curve and Stacked Regressions for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines","display_name":"A Normal Behavior Model Based on Power Curve and Stacked Regressions for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289656096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3196116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085518066","display_name":"Francisco Bilendo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Bilendo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052483851","display_name":"Hamed Badihi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Badihi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-6303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039464384","display_name":"Ningyun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-7677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningyun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-7677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082067039","display_name":"Philippe Cambron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-6341"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Cambron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wind Energy Research and Development (R&#x0026;D), Power Factors, Montreal, Canada","D), Power Factors, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-6341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wind Energy Research and Development (R&#x0026;D), Power Factors, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D), Power Factors, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-9303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-9303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Jiangjun Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92452087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.8041611909866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.7948846817016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.7326024770736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6286053657531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5864918231964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5770043134689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbscan","display_name":"DBSCAN","score":0.5717366933822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condition-monitoring","display_name":"Condition monitoring","score":0.49581965804100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4744340479373932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.43259304761886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42504554986953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3609902560710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34913042187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33457350730895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2719128131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2538077235221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.15481659770011902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.8041611909866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.7948846817016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.7326024770736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6286053657531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5864918231964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5770043134689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114630","display_name":"DBSCAN","level":5,"score":0.5717366933822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.49581965804100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4744340479373932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.43259304761886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42504554986953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3609902560710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34913042187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33457350730895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2719128131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2538077235221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.15481659770011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3196116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3196116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2050954146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCMS-I-0521G02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322438","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6136029823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZFY014342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7434455617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62003166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340256948","display_name":"\u590d\u6742\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u6280\u672f\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61873122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322438","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572368116","https://openalex.org/W1964522863","https://openalex.org/W1985255373","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2000791053","https://openalex.org/W2016023958","https://openalex.org/W2044883611","https://openalex.org/W2044963328","https://openalex.org/W2064452287","https://openalex.org/W2076863095","https://openalex.org/W2122952830","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2172134521","https://openalex.org/W2255738116","https://openalex.org/W2344717310","https://openalex.org/W2475727944","https://openalex.org/W2521465978","https://openalex.org/W2523553285","https://openalex.org/W2562519784","https://openalex.org/W2568024518","https://openalex.org/W2740924709","https://openalex.org/W2801050875","https://openalex.org/W2805986364","https://openalex.org/W2899717669","https://openalex.org/W2973001054","https://openalex.org/W2987202393","https://openalex.org/W3013826857","https://openalex.org/W3017705806","https://openalex.org/W3028206171","https://openalex.org/W3043766109","https://openalex.org/W3089030408","https://openalex.org/W3092588609","https://openalex.org/W3112611640","https://openalex.org/W3113432356","https://openalex.org/W3130689994","https://openalex.org/W3158668220","https://openalex.org/W3182027289","https://openalex.org/W4200603318","https://openalex.org/W4226092102","https://openalex.org/W4240294902","https://openalex.org/W4285306189","https://openalex.org/W6634328444","https://openalex.org/W6637386731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3214712242","https://openalex.org/W3204461065","https://openalex.org/W1965417009","https://openalex.org/W2018320994","https://openalex.org/W2085232331","https://openalex.org/W2460685830","https://openalex.org/W2738547440","https://openalex.org/W2925195937","https://openalex.org/W2799162308","https://openalex.org/W2741863531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wind":[0],"turbines":[1],"are":[2],"complex":[3],"systems":[4],"composed":[5],"of":[6,16,74,90,96,140,151,157],"multiple":[7,26],"components.":[8],"In":[9],"order":[10],"to":[11,24,34,39],"assess":[12],"the":[13,93,108,130,147,152],"overall":[14,103],"condition":[15],"a":[17,29,49,65,84],"given":[18],"wind":[19,44,99],"turbine,":[20],"one":[21],"may":[22],"need":[23],"employ":[25],"models;":[27],"such":[28,106],"solution,":[30],"however,":[31],"is":[32,82],"deemed":[33],"be":[35],"unwieldy":[36],"and":[37,118,133,149],"expensive":[38],"implement,":[40],"especially":[41],"for":[42],"large-scale":[43],"farms.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"proposes":[48],"novel":[50],"heterogeneous":[51],"stacked":[52],"regressor":[53],"(HET-SR)":[54],"algorithm,":[55],"which":[56],"learns":[57],"from":[58,129],"optimal":[59],"power":[60,109],"curve":[61],"data":[62,128,134],"attained":[63],"through":[64,101],"delicate":[66],"signal":[67],"processing":[68],"scheme":[69],"involving":[70],"density-based":[71],"spatial":[72],"clustering":[73],"applications":[75],"with":[76,115],"noise":[77],"(DBSCAN).":[78],"The":[79,138],"proposed":[80,153],"method":[81,114,154],"thus":[83],"normal":[85],"behavior":[86],"model":[87],"(NBM)":[88],"capable":[89],"accurately":[91],"assessing":[92],"health":[94,104],"status":[95],"an":[97,102,120],"entire":[98],"turbine":[100],"indicator":[105],"as":[107],"curve.":[110],"We":[111],"compare":[112],"this":[113,141],"state-of-the-art":[116],"methods":[117],"perform":[119],"extensive":[121],"experimental":[122],"work":[123,143],"based":[124],"on":[125,146],"real":[126],"operational":[127],"supervisory":[131],"control":[132],"acquisition":[135],"(SCADA)":[136],"system.":[137],"findings":[139],"research":[142],"provide":[144],"evidence":[145],"effectiveness":[148],"superiority":[150],"in":[155,160],"terms":[156],"high":[158],"accuracy":[159],"fault":[161],"detection.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
