{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288786516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3194933","title":"Quantitative Detection of Multicomponent SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Products Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined With CARS-ELM Algorithm","display_name":"Quantitative Detection of Multicomponent SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Products Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined With CARS-ELM Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288786516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3194933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3194933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3194933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072267303","display_name":"Jie Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060416973","display_name":"Yungang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-5520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yungang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-5520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041974418","display_name":"Xinhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-9002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-9002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065047708","display_name":"Guangwen Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangwen Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-6122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008032639","display_name":"Yucun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-9580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-9580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92095325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switchgear","display_name":"Switchgear","score":0.5999695658683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","score":0.5838003754615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5441360473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5344933867454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.479879766702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.47542908787727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.4645163118839264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45543229579925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.43348491191864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform-spectroscopy","display_name":"Fourier transform spectroscopy","score":0.43189701437950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.35653987526893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3114892542362213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.29634374380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2701314687728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20238083600997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17155900597572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13438072800636292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07989609241485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93893174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273786","display_name":"Switchgear","level":2,"score":0.5999695658683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5838003754615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5441360473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5344933867454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.479879766702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.47542908787727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4645163118839264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45543229579925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.43348491191864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41610221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047974","display_name":"Fourier transform spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.43189701437950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35653987526893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3114892542362213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29634374380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2701314687728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20238083600997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17155900597572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13438072800636292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07989609241485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3194933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3194933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1199255392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62175208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4256346203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2021203052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5655218299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021LGZD008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324869","funder_display_name":"Yanshan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324869","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980324578","https://openalex.org/W1997270149","https://openalex.org/W2012594779","https://openalex.org/W2016386623","https://openalex.org/W2085423704","https://openalex.org/W2107562997","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2131280871","https://openalex.org/W2139257971","https://openalex.org/W2144444183","https://openalex.org/W2210607407","https://openalex.org/W2327419837","https://openalex.org/W2562978293","https://openalex.org/W2730308172","https://openalex.org/W2734469181","https://openalex.org/W2749509203","https://openalex.org/W2889973699","https://openalex.org/W2913239792","https://openalex.org/W2914519239","https://openalex.org/W2918791596","https://openalex.org/W2923436937","https://openalex.org/W2977452841","https://openalex.org/W2985662944","https://openalex.org/W2988835161","https://openalex.org/W2998568747","https://openalex.org/W3016474591","https://openalex.org/W3042540733","https://openalex.org/W3042582303","https://openalex.org/W3048110193","https://openalex.org/W3049487823","https://openalex.org/W3094041720","https://openalex.org/W3124489290","https://openalex.org/W3126356607","https://openalex.org/W3202767876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245022377","https://openalex.org/W2085416858","https://openalex.org/W4321134538","https://openalex.org/W2179668204","https://openalex.org/W2076214578","https://openalex.org/W2368968602","https://openalex.org/W2027140999","https://openalex.org/W339691507","https://openalex.org/W185588709","https://openalex.org/W2169117768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,156],"decomposition":[1,38,76,87,235],"of":[2,16,37,43,74,85,108,164,180,193,204,232],"SF<sub>6</sub>":[3,75,109,205,234],"as":[4,110],"an":[5,223],"insulating":[6],"medium":[7],"in":[8,13,79,178],"gas":[9],"insulated":[10],"switchgear":[11],"(GIS)":[12],"the":[14,24,82,86,96,111,115,160,174,189,197,201,212],"event":[15],"partial":[17],"discharges":[18],"leads":[19],"to":[20,30,102,121,226],"insulation":[21,45],"failure":[22],"inside":[23],"equipment.":[25],"Therefore,":[26,211],"it":[27],"is":[28,222],"important":[29],"achieve":[31,227],"accurate":[32],"and":[33,61,71,94,124,149,185,188],"efficient":[34],"quantitative":[35,51,151,230],"analysis":[36],"products":[39,77,88,199],"for":[40,69,196],"effective":[41,224],"assessment":[42],"internal":[44],"status.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[50],"calibration":[52,152],"model":[53,166,221],"based":[54],"on":[55],"Fourier":[56],"transform":[57],"infrared":[58],"(FTIR)":[59],"spectroscopy":[60,217],"feature":[62,131],"selection":[63,132],"algorithm":[64],"combined":[65,218],"with":[66,105,173,219],"neural":[67],"network":[68],"fast":[70],"non-destructive":[72],"detection":[73,128,231],"concentration":[78,203],"GIS.":[80],"Firstly,":[81],"absorption":[83],"spectra":[84],"were":[89,119,154],"obtained":[90],"by":[91],"FTIR":[92,216],"spectroscopy,":[93],"then":[95],"background":[97,112],"interference":[98,206],"was":[99,170],"removed":[100],"according":[101],"Lambert-Beer":[103],"law":[104],"99.99%":[106],"purity":[107],"interference.":[113],"Subsequently,":[114],"processed":[116],"experimental":[117],"data":[118],"subjected":[120],"baseline":[122],"correction":[123],"abnormal":[125],"sample":[126],"point":[127],"before":[129],"further":[130],"using":[133],"correlation":[134],"coefficient":[135,162],"(CC)and":[136],"competitive":[137],"adaptive":[138],"reweighted":[139],"sampling":[140],"(CARS),":[141],"respectively.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"extreme":[144],"learning":[145],"machine":[146],"(ELM),":[147],"CC-ELM":[148],"CARS-ELM":[150,165,220],"models":[153,177],"established.":[155],"results":[157,195,213],"showed":[158],"that":[159,215],"determination":[161],"(R<sup>2</sup>)":[163],"reached":[167],"0.9997.":[168],"It":[169],"outstanding":[171],"compared":[172],"previous":[175],"two":[176],"terms":[179],"evaluation":[181],"indexes":[182],"R<sup>2</sup>,":[183],"RMSE":[184],"MAPE":[186],"performance,":[187],"maximum":[190],"relative":[191],"error":[192],"prediction":[194],"three":[198],"under":[200],"high":[202,228],"did":[207],"not":[208],"exceed":[209],"1.7%.":[210],"prove":[214],"method":[225],"precision":[229],"multi-component":[233],"products.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
