{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285028587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3189729","title":"Comparison of Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization of Ultrasonic Positioning Anchor Placement","display_name":"Comparison of Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization of Ultrasonic Positioning Anchor Placement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285028587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3189729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3189729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3189729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053168904","display_name":"Sebastian Haigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-5381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128993996","display_name":"University of South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/02mzn7s88","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128993996"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Haigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-5381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128993996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077579516","display_name":"Janusz Kulon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-7786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128993996","display_name":"University of South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/02mzn7s88","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128993996"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janusz Kulon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-7786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128993996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058502713","display_name":"Adam Partlow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-8129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299209451","display_name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/0489f6q08","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Partlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation Engineering Unit, Artificial Limb and Appliance Service, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-8129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation Engineering Unit, Artificial Limb and Appliance Service, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084505176","display_name":"Colin Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-8804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299209451","display_name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/0489f6q08","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation Engineering Unit, Artificial Limb and Appliance Service, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-8804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation Engineering Unit, Artificial Limb and Appliance Service, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74545624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.9697959423065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7378991842269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6200762391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6163318157196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5998619794845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.5757068395614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.4748806357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.47377967834472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.43395569920539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43129271268844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32414600253105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24564197659492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.17256802320480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.14446431398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08798485994338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08078062534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.0764007568359375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.9697959423065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7378991842269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6200762391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6163318157196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5998619794845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5757068395614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.4748806357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.47377967834472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.43395569920539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43129271268844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32414600253105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24564197659492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.17256802320480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.14446431398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08798485994338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08078062534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0764007568359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3189729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3189729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2592051857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"100954.1125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311690","funder_display_name":"University of South Wales"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4760999436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EFAS 22395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320350","funder_display_name":"Cardiff University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311690","display_name":"University of South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/02mzn7s88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320350","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12647121","https://openalex.org/W1974025511","https://openalex.org/W2010271898","https://openalex.org/W2010787261","https://openalex.org/W2059449925","https://openalex.org/W2081345541","https://openalex.org/W2088706059","https://openalex.org/W2094658339","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2160331134","https://openalex.org/W2169803171","https://openalex.org/W2470601298","https://openalex.org/W2799914042","https://openalex.org/W2885353952","https://openalex.org/W2992507519","https://openalex.org/W2996481532","https://openalex.org/W3000350835","https://openalex.org/W3016032118","https://openalex.org/W4247034660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2508126022","https://openalex.org/W2394033463","https://openalex.org/W2161212369","https://openalex.org/W2994790060","https://openalex.org/W3120447947","https://openalex.org/W1979582173","https://openalex.org/W1981841201","https://openalex.org/W3046658740","https://openalex.org/W3145873896","https://openalex.org/W2358820633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94],"position":[1,55,118],"of":[2,16,28,33,43,48,68,80,123,149],"anchors":[3,44],"in":[4,25,57,89],"an":[5,87],"ultrasonic":[6,58],"positioning":[7,29],"system":[8,37],"has":[9],"a":[10,34,90,105,109,120,147],"significant":[11],"impact":[12,20],"on":[13,21],"the":[14,26,36,99,116,124,129,155,158],"performance":[15,22,51,82,126,130,150],"that":[17,107,141],"system.":[18],"This":[19],"can":[23,38],"be":[24],"form":[27],"error,":[30],"how":[31],"large":[32],"space":[35],"cover,":[39],"and":[40,74,157],"then":[41],"number":[42],"required.":[45],"A":[46],"comparison":[47,122],"three":[49,125,134],"different":[50],"metrics":[52,64,83,135],"for":[53],"anchor":[54],"optimization":[56],"localization":[59,76],"systems":[60],"is":[61,84],"presented.":[62],"These":[63],"are":[65],"geometric":[66],"dilution":[67],"precision":[69],"(GDOP),":[70],"weighted":[71],"GDOP":[72,156],"(WGDOP),":[73],"simulated":[75,110],"error":[77],"(SLE).":[78],"Each":[79],"these":[81],"used":[85,108],"as":[86,146],"objective":[88],"multi-objective":[91],"genetic":[92,100],"algorithm.":[93],"optimal":[95],"solutions":[96,142],"found":[97,140],"by":[98,104],"algorithm":[101],"were":[102],"processed":[103],"simulation":[106],"received":[111],"time":[112],"series":[113],"to":[114],"localize":[115],"target":[117],"allowing":[119],"direct":[121],"metrics.":[127],"While":[128],"difference":[131],"between":[132],"all":[133],"was":[136,139],"small,":[137],"it":[138],"generated":[143,153],"using":[144,154],"WGDOP":[145],"metric":[148],"outperformed":[151],"those":[152],"SLE":[159],"objectives.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
