{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285206608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170981","title":"Frequency Response Mismatch Calibration in Generalized Time-Interleaved Systems","display_name":"Frequency Response Mismatch Calibration in Generalized Time-Interleaved Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285206608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3170981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037363427","display_name":"Zhixiang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-8973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729335","display_name":"Peng Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-465X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-465X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435637","display_name":"Kuojun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-731X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuojun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-731X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060001723","display_name":"Wuhuang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3102-7954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuhuang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3102-7954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035320131","display_name":"Yu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-9892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81536009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-free-dynamic-range","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","score":0.7805063128471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6921476125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6127704977989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5896589159965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"Frequency response","score":0.5760424733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.574093759059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.5353102684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46474689245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3910750150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3451244831085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.2701873779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1999388039112091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19315838813781738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119293636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657480","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.7805063128471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6921476125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6127704977989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5896589159965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.5760424733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.574093759059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.5353102684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46474689245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3910750150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3451244831085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.2701873779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1999388039112091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19315838813781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3170981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G163639148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513413962","https://openalex.org/W1853961749","https://openalex.org/W2008993022","https://openalex.org/W2073537459","https://openalex.org/W2104040946","https://openalex.org/W2118246755","https://openalex.org/W2119119508","https://openalex.org/W2137549703","https://openalex.org/W2137670445","https://openalex.org/W2140198449","https://openalex.org/W2154360666","https://openalex.org/W2157373179","https://openalex.org/W2161549313","https://openalex.org/W2288311220","https://openalex.org/W2292053544","https://openalex.org/W2536193282","https://openalex.org/W2547840869","https://openalex.org/W2774061229","https://openalex.org/W2799599985","https://openalex.org/W2890545381","https://openalex.org/W2907236768","https://openalex.org/W2912470681","https://openalex.org/W3007104685","https://openalex.org/W3010243090","https://openalex.org/W3015454294","https://openalex.org/W3036295914","https://openalex.org/W3039545873","https://openalex.org/W3089836293","https://openalex.org/W3105107451","https://openalex.org/W3112638864","https://openalex.org/W3121203924","https://openalex.org/W3158828572","https://openalex.org/W3160438543","https://openalex.org/W3175412083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016740808","https://openalex.org/W2782295999","https://openalex.org/W1979974723","https://openalex.org/W2093917172","https://openalex.org/W2140829259","https://openalex.org/W2162306796","https://openalex.org/W1970292246","https://openalex.org/W4205171845","https://openalex.org/W1966396105","https://openalex.org/W4387426358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,100],"presence":[1],"of":[2,38,154,187,209],"frequency":[3,141,158,167,188,210],"response":[4,159,168],"mismatches":[5],"(FRMs)":[6],"in":[7,24,71,139,145,206,242],"time-interleaved":[8,49],"(TI)":[9],"systems":[10,27],"can":[11,122,197],"severely":[12],"degrade":[13],"system":[14,59,170],"performance.":[15],"In":[16,41],"addition,":[17],"it":[18,121],"is":[19,116],"difficult":[20],"to":[21,52,149,263],"represent":[22],"FRMs":[23],"generalized":[25,166],"TI":[26,58,169],"using":[28],"low-order":[29],"polynomials":[30],"or":[31],"physical":[32],"circuits,":[33],"which":[34,115,225],"complicates":[35],"the":[36,57,76,97,124,140,146,152,173,207,228,256],"design":[37],"calibration":[39,88,125,214],"methods.":[40],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"first,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"a":[47,54,61,86,117,134,164,202,243,267],"digital":[48],"(DTI)":[50],"structure":[51,67],"establish":[53],"relationship":[55],"between":[56,213],"and":[60,81,90],"periodic":[62],"time-varying":[63,72,107,113],"filter.":[64,160],"DTI":[66,98],"uses":[68,104],"less":[69],"resources":[70,130],"filter":[73,108],"implementation":[74],"than":[75,110,144,178,194],"method":[77,175],"that":[78,172,227,255],"utilizing":[79],"filters":[80],"multipliers.":[82],"We":[83],"also":[84,217,240],"develop":[85],"cascaded":[87],"model":[89],"its":[91],"equivalent":[92,101],"noncascaded":[93,102],"form":[94,103],"based":[95,162],"on":[96,163],"structure.":[99],"only":[105],"one":[106],"rather":[109,143],"cascades":[111],"multiple":[112],"filters,":[114],"significant":[118],"advantage":[119],"because":[120],"improve":[123],"performance":[126],"without":[127],"increasing":[128],"hardware":[129],"during":[131],"implementation.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"filtering":[135],"process":[136],"was":[137,239],"included":[138],"domain,":[142,148],"time":[147],"cope":[150],"with":[151,235],"challenges":[153],"designing":[155],"an":[156,221],"arbitrary":[157],"Simulations":[161],"four-channel":[165,245],"showed":[171],"proposed":[174],"achieved":[176,199],"more":[177,193],"45-dB":[179],"spur-free":[180],"dynamic":[181,258],"range":[182,259],"(SFDR)":[183],"improvements":[184],"if":[185,201],"measurements":[186],"responses":[189],"are":[190],"unbiased.":[191],"Also,":[192],"60-dB":[195],"SFDR":[196],"be":[198],"even":[200],"\u00b15%":[203],"estimation":[204],"bias":[205],"measurement":[208],"responses.":[211],"Errors":[212],"frames":[215],"were":[216],"minimized":[218],"by":[219],"introducing":[220],"overlapping":[222],"frame":[223],"technique,":[224],"ensured":[226],"algorithm":[229],"could":[230],"calibrate":[231],"large":[232],"data":[233],"quantities":[234],"high":[236],"precision.":[237],"Calibration":[238],"implemented":[241],"real":[244],"10":[246],"gigabit":[247],"sampling":[248],"per":[249],"second":[250],"(GSPS)":[251],"system.":[252],"Results":[253],"indicated":[254],"spurious-free":[257],"increased":[260],"from":[261],"47.27":[262],"62.21":[264],"dB":[265],"at":[266],"5-GHz":[268],"bandwidth":[269],"after":[270],"calibration.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}