{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293193580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170884","title":"The Fabrication of an Eccentric Three-Core Fiber and Its Application as a Twist Sensor","display_name":"The Fabrication of an Eccentric Three-Core Fiber and Its Application as a Twist Sensor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293193580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3170884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025806489","display_name":"Pingsheng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-1624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pingsheng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China","School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409513","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China","School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755662","display_name":"Qiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086922590","display_name":"Yongqing Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqing Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025806489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79226433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twist","display_name":"Twist","score":0.6585124731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.6448777318000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6267967820167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5923253297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5912741422653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.48896920680999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-crystal-fiber","display_name":"Photonic-crystal fiber","score":0.4755822420120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.47496578097343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.46519744396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.42131558060646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22301065921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.13118836283683777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17138781","display_name":"Twist","level":2,"score":0.6585124731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.6448777318000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6267967820167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5923253297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5912741422653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.48896920680999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107157254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256244","display_name":"Photonic-crystal fiber","level":3,"score":0.4755822420120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.47496578097343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.46519744396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.42131558060646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22301065921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13118836283683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3170884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3170884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:48875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48875/1/IEEE_TIM_final_version.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1981379121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2123012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4673630410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2020501040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4996345132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51907017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1662296823","https://openalex.org/W1970921418","https://openalex.org/W1974197562","https://openalex.org/W1997121420","https://openalex.org/W1997310083","https://openalex.org/W2007225752","https://openalex.org/W2017112717","https://openalex.org/W2020686434","https://openalex.org/W2073105679","https://openalex.org/W2083891787","https://openalex.org/W2084862268","https://openalex.org/W2123565111","https://openalex.org/W2152841775","https://openalex.org/W2152902309","https://openalex.org/W2407746226","https://openalex.org/W2535860974","https://openalex.org/W2553440209","https://openalex.org/W2591430027","https://openalex.org/W2789020385","https://openalex.org/W2996793213","https://openalex.org/W3085959197","https://openalex.org/W3093739217","https://openalex.org/W3096661850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2463721724","https://openalex.org/W2917685425","https://openalex.org/W2365148668","https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W3205454610","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W3146793764","https://openalex.org/W2038705077","https://openalex.org/W2025425461","https://openalex.org/W2014016592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,138],"fabrication":[1],"and":[2,27,35],"application":[3,173],"for":[4,168,174],"twist":[5,83,103,128,169],"sensing":[6,170],"of":[7,65,71,94,98,116,140,153],"an":[8],"eccentric":[9],"three-core":[10],"fiber":[11,16,39,161],"(3CF)":[12],"were":[13,30,74],"demonstrated.":[14],"was":[17,143],"made":[18],"by":[19,112,146],"a":[20,33,38,45,148],"stack-and-draw":[21],"technique,":[22],"in":[23,32,53,62,171],"which":[24,91,130],"silica":[25],"rods":[26],"core":[28],"canes":[29],"put":[31],"tube":[34],"drawn":[36],"on":[37,67,88,151],"drawing":[40],"tower.":[41],"Three":[42],"cores":[43,56,73,80,155],"formed":[44],"Mach–Zehnder":[46],"interferometer":[47],"(MZI),":[48],"where":[49],"the":[50,54,63,72,79,95,99,117,123,133,154,160],"lights":[51],"transmitted":[52],"three":[55],"interfered":[57],"with":[58,82,108,127,136,156],"each":[59,89],"other,":[60],"resulting":[61],"formation":[64],"envelopes":[66,97],"spectrum.":[68],"Because":[69,159],"two":[70],"off-axis,":[75],"phase":[76],"differences":[77],"among":[78],"varied":[81],"due":[84],"to":[85],"different":[86],"stretches":[87],"core,":[90],"caused":[92],"shift":[93,125],"spectral":[96],"interference":[100],"signal.":[101],"Wide-range":[102],"measurement":[104],"can":[105,162],"be":[106,163],"realized":[107],"relatively":[109],"high":[110],"sensitivity":[111,134],"tracking":[113],"lower":[114],"dips":[115,124],"envelopes.":[118],"Experimental":[119],"results":[120],"revealed":[121],"that":[122,132],"quadratically":[126],"angle,":[129],"means":[131],"increases":[135],"twist.":[137],"compensation":[139],"temperature":[141],"influence":[142],"also":[144],"implemented":[145],"inscribing":[147],"Bragg":[149],"grating":[150],"one":[152],"femtosecond":[157],"laser.":[158],"mass-produced,":[164],"it":[165],"is":[166],"suitable":[167],"practical":[172],"its":[175],"low":[176],"cost.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}