{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226177171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3164145","title":"A Contactless On-Bed Radar System for Human Respiration Monitoring","display_name":"A Contactless On-Bed Radar System for Human Respiration Monitoring","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226177171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3164145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3164145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3164145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000185698","display_name":"Qian Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-1205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056268484","display_name":"Xiangyu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0412-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055065601","display_name":"Yi Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-6618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35568498","display_name":"Kochi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rghrr56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090869394","display_name":"Jingang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0628-9098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085134821","display_name":"Shuoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-6251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35568498","display_name":"Kochi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rghrr56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045324804","display_name":"Tao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000185698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91251107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6017965078353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration","display_name":"Respiration","score":0.5769968628883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.5636751651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5357099771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.5082306861877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4943404197692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-patient-monitoring","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","score":0.4132789671421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3751988410949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3330954909324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32979652285575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32380592823028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15561503171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14725971221923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14601311087608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13119158148765564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6017965078353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182215343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiration","level":2,"score":0.5769968628883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.5636751651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5357099771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.5082306861877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4943404197692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4132789671421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3751988410949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3330954909324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32979652285575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32380592823028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15561503171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14725971221923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14601311087608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13119158148765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3164145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3164145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3498462245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ20E050002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224994639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52175033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6317206018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538279119","https://openalex.org/W1599059629","https://openalex.org/W1972710063","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2012427412","https://openalex.org/W2050445983","https://openalex.org/W2058367223","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2072916732","https://openalex.org/W2075959322","https://openalex.org/W2099743383","https://openalex.org/W2104049326","https://openalex.org/W2126283532","https://openalex.org/W2142224645","https://openalex.org/W2164993323","https://openalex.org/W2171395115","https://openalex.org/W2292374408","https://openalex.org/W2293225919","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2397398513","https://openalex.org/W2507908806","https://openalex.org/W2508087178","https://openalex.org/W2518508855","https://openalex.org/W2599466246","https://openalex.org/W2755427721","https://openalex.org/W2760212863","https://openalex.org/W2784159726","https://openalex.org/W2893049588","https://openalex.org/W2899398744","https://openalex.org/W2902025837","https://openalex.org/W2941074488","https://openalex.org/W2990165697","https://openalex.org/W3007661370","https://openalex.org/W3010299795","https://openalex.org/W3012235696","https://openalex.org/W3020959834","https://openalex.org/W3028344669","https://openalex.org/W3036030413","https://openalex.org/W3167816568","https://openalex.org/W4210350617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316273854","https://openalex.org/W2009985126","https://openalex.org/W2790854034","https://openalex.org/W2077866709","https://openalex.org/W2145274667","https://openalex.org/W2921132911","https://openalex.org/W2288793952","https://openalex.org/W2098383409","https://openalex.org/W2042041186","https://openalex.org/W3196195804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Healthcare":[0],"automation":[1],"technologies":[2],"have":[3],"led":[4],"to":[5,13,81,99],"develop":[6],"\u201csmart\u201d":[7,62],"home":[8],"with":[9,90,117],"intelligent":[10],"sensing":[11],"systems":[12],"fully":[14],"monitor":[15],"vital":[16],"signs.":[17],"One":[18],"important":[19],"healthcare":[20],"application":[21],"of":[22,37,77,103,121,128],"the":[23,28,101,104,111,133],"millimeter-wave":[24],"radar":[25,56,79],"sensor":[26],"is":[27,46,136],"respiratory":[29,92,140,146],"rate":[30],"(RR)":[31],"estimation.":[32],"Accurate":[33],"and":[34,40,68,94,124,142],"robust":[35],"measurements":[36],"respiration":[38,59,71],"motion":[39,85],"RR":[41,131],"estimation":[42],"in":[43],"nonhospital":[44],"facilities":[45],"a":[47,52,69,118,125],"challenging":[48],"task.":[49],"We":[50],"present":[51],"novel":[53],"contactless":[54],"on-bed":[55],"system":[57,112],"for":[58,61,75],"monitoring":[60],"home.":[63],"A":[64],"simplified":[65],"trunk":[66],"model":[67],"mode-decomposition-based":[70],"reconstruction":[72],"are":[73,97],"designed":[74],"analysis":[76],"2-D":[78],"profile":[80],"extract":[82],"nonstationary":[83],"breathing":[84,88],"information.":[86],"Resting":[87],"experiments":[89],"different":[91],"patterns":[93,141],"human":[95],"poses":[96],"performed":[98],"evaluate":[100],"performance":[102],"proposed":[105],"system.":[106],"The":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109],"that":[110],"measures":[113],"respiration-induced":[114],"body":[115],"movement":[116],"root-mean-squared":[119],"error":[120],"0.31":[122],"mm":[123],"mean":[126],"accuracy":[127,135],"89.6%.":[129],"For":[130],"estimation,":[132],"overall":[134],"97.1%":[137],"under":[138,144],"normal":[139],"93.4%":[143],"abnormal":[145],"patterns.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}