{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206119642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3128966","title":"Energy-Efficiency Strategy for Soft Synchronization FMCW Radar","display_name":"Energy-Efficiency Strategy for Soft Synchronization FMCW Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206119642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3128966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3128966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3128966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045689918","display_name":"Ping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-2669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-2669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453587","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7440-4556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7440-4556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431313","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-9510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078361695","display_name":"Yating Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-3110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yating Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-3110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012106928","display_name":"Yanzan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-1760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-1760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92654373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6734922528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6678072214126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.6546338796615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6249858140945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5676873326301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5116541981697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4235406816005707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42066583037376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.417484849691391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.34810975193977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28844889998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21477004885673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12599319219589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11542576551437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.09287390112876892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6734922528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6678072214126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.6546338796615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6249858140945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5676873326301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5116541981697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4235406816005707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42066583037376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.417484849691391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.34810975193977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28844889998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21477004885673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12599319219589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11542576551437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.09287390112876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3128966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3128966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3644517305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6924459141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W2149460029","https://openalex.org/W2559183057","https://openalex.org/W2765137961","https://openalex.org/W2798205579","https://openalex.org/W2800269255","https://openalex.org/W2806252478","https://openalex.org/W2905640213","https://openalex.org/W2936581932","https://openalex.org/W2947751571","https://openalex.org/W2971018369","https://openalex.org/W2998544018","https://openalex.org/W3008293248","https://openalex.org/W3013453374","https://openalex.org/W3038068410","https://openalex.org/W3043848107","https://openalex.org/W3093972210","https://openalex.org/W3112062297","https://openalex.org/W3114570365","https://openalex.org/W3134506088","https://openalex.org/W3136862788","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W2904197056","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W2759710661","https://openalex.org/W4210638523","https://openalex.org/W604796468","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W2103897432","https://openalex.org/W4296425733","https://openalex.org/W3209314847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft":[0],"synchronization":[1,38,50,85,154],"frequency-modulated":[2],"continuous-wave":[3],"(SS-FMCW)":[4],"radars":[5],"not":[6],"only":[7],"have":[8],"the":[9,19,26,48,58,61,81,91,98,104,117,124,138,143,147,152,157,163,166,171],"advantage":[10],"of":[11,21,126,146],"transmit":[12,77,128],"signal":[13,78,129],"diversity":[14],"but":[15],"also":[16],"greatly":[17],"reduce":[18,142,170],"complexity":[20],"hardware":[22],"structure":[23],"design.":[24],"Interestingly,":[25],"SS-FMCW":[27,62,148],"radar":[28,88,94,127,149,158,172],"is":[29,74],"implemented":[30],"based":[31,56],"on":[32,57,115,123],"intermittent":[33],"ramp":[34],"signals":[35],"and":[36,87,93,156],"soft":[37,49,84,153],"algorithms.":[39],"This":[40],"article":[41],"proposes":[42],"a":[43,110],"new":[44],"energy-efficiency":[45,52],"strategy,":[46,165],"i.e.,":[47],"constrained":[51],"(SSC-EE)":[53],"strategy.":[54],"First,":[55],"principle":[59],"behind":[60],"radar,":[63],"we":[64,108],"analyze":[65],"its":[66],"energy":[67,95,119,144,173],"consumption":[68,96,120,145,174],"model.":[69],"Second,":[70],"an":[71],"optimization":[72,99],"problem":[73],"built":[75],"with":[76],"parameters":[79,130],"as":[80,90,97],"independent":[82],"variables,":[83],"performance":[86,155],"performances":[89],"constraints,":[92],"objective.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"by":[102,175],"formulating":[103],"Karush–Kuhn–Tuckers":[105],"(KKT)":[106],"conditions,":[107],"obtain":[109],"closed-form":[111],"solution.":[112],"The":[113],"study":[114],"minimizing":[116],"theoretical":[118],"sheds":[121],"light":[122],"design":[125],"in":[131],"practice.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"experimental":[134],"results":[135],"show":[136],"that":[137],"SSC-EE":[139,167],"strategy":[140,168],"can":[141,169],"without":[150],"reducing":[151],"performances.":[159],"Specifically,":[160],"compared":[161],"to":[162],"deterministic":[164],"28.3%.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}