{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209146949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3122168","title":"Orientation Estimation of Surface Cracks in Metals Based on Intensity Maximization of Polarimetric Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar Images","display_name":"Orientation Estimation of Surface Cracks in Metals Based on Intensity Maximization of Polarimetric Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209146949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3122168","mag":"3209146949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3122168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3122168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016301896","display_name":"Takuma Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-8513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuma Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki 2118588, Japan. (e-mail: takuma.watanabe.jp@ieee.org)","Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki (Japan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki 2118588, Japan. (e-mail: takuma.watanabe.jp@ieee.org)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051385242","display_name":"Hiroyoshi Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-7229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyoshi Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Information Systems Program, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 9502181, Japan","Smart Information Systems Program, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-7229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Information Systems Program, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 9502181, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Information Systems Program, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95970942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8153390884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6580018997192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-looking-airborne-radar","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","score":0.6092303991317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6040198802947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5993969440460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5849534273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.584135890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5473747253417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5402713418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4611978232860565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.45062899589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4368115961551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.42875349521636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.38375362753868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3788892328739166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.3198031187057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22930628061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.21849441528320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.17991578578948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1769232451915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12964066863059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09561306238174438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.8153390884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6580018997192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.6092303991317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6040198802947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5993969440460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.5849534273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.584135890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5473747253417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5402713418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4611978232860565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45062899589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4368115961551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.42875349521636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.38375362753868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3788892328739166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.3198031187057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22930628061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.21849441528320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.17991578578948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1769232451915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12964066863059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09561306238174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3122168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3122168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W380377359","https://openalex.org/W599284720","https://openalex.org/W770632416","https://openalex.org/W1555713064","https://openalex.org/W1648111116","https://openalex.org/W1965598877","https://openalex.org/W1986030219","https://openalex.org/W2021509529","https://openalex.org/W2057508685","https://openalex.org/W2063463621","https://openalex.org/W2133643102","https://openalex.org/W2133668280","https://openalex.org/W2138863700","https://openalex.org/W2139650339","https://openalex.org/W2144896701","https://openalex.org/W2155016676","https://openalex.org/W2155567358","https://openalex.org/W2169544485","https://openalex.org/W2170367517","https://openalex.org/W2171284705","https://openalex.org/W2488646725","https://openalex.org/W2750974817","https://openalex.org/W2803657388","https://openalex.org/W2902686115","https://openalex.org/W3009172347","https://openalex.org/W3044026819","https://openalex.org/W3171880399","https://openalex.org/W4234607800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112684063","https://openalex.org/W4388207922","https://openalex.org/W2547621853","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2112228652","https://openalex.org/W2108352898","https://openalex.org/W2108697546","https://openalex.org/W2383271330","https://openalex.org/W2145251733","https://openalex.org/W1915418828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,136],"this":[1,137],"article,":[2],"we":[3,94],"propose":[4],"a":[5,14,28,31,48,54,72,117,139,147],"novel":[6],"method":[7,123],"of":[8,10,39,57,60,91,101,114,124,161],"estimation":[9,115,164],"crack":[11,29,150],"orientation":[12,50,59,77,84,90,107],"on":[13],"metallic":[15,140],"surface":[16,149],"using":[17,30,121],"linearly":[18],"polarized":[19],"circular":[20],"synthetic":[21],"aperture":[22],"radar":[23,65],"(SAR)":[24],"imaging.":[25],"We":[26,109],"modeled":[27],"thin":[32],"linear":[33,62],"scatterer":[34,83],"and":[35,127,152,158,167],"considered":[36],"the":[37,58,61,75,81,89,92,98,102,106,111,122,153,162],"rotation":[38],"polarization":[40],"basis":[41],"vectors":[42],"that":[43],"were":[44,165],"designed":[45],"to":[46,53,70,87,96],"match":[47],"predefined":[49],"vector":[51,78],"corresponding":[52],"temporary":[55],"estimate":[56,88],"scatterer.":[63],"The":[64],"image":[66,103],"intensity":[67,100],"was":[68,144],"expected":[69],"be":[71],"maximum":[73,99,159],"when":[74],"specified":[76],"exactly":[79],"matched":[80],"true":[82],"angle;":[85],"therefore,":[86],"scatterer,":[93],"aimed":[95],"obtain":[97],"by":[104],"varying":[105],"vector.":[108],"validated":[110],"proposed":[112],"scheme":[113],"via":[116],"numerical":[118],"electromagnetic":[119],"simulation":[120],"moments":[125],"(MoM)":[126],"laboratory":[128],"measurements":[129],"carried":[130],"out":[131],"in":[132],"an":[133],"anechoic":[134],"chamber.":[135],"experiment,":[138],"plate":[141],"with":[142],"slits":[143],"used":[145],"as":[146],"simple":[148],"model":[151],"root":[154],"mean":[155],"square":[156],"error":[157,160],"angular":[163],"1.9-degree":[166],"5.1-degree,":[168],"respectively.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}