{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190877381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3107599","title":"Mass Flow Rate Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids Through Multimodal Sensing and Data-Driven Modeling","display_name":"Mass Flow Rate Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids Through Multimodal Sensing and Data-Driven Modeling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190877381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3107599","mag":"3190877381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3107599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3107599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051736637","display_name":"Faisal Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-278X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-278X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078729695","display_name":"Yong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-5456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-5456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436501","display_name":"Lijuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-2728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-2728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86260488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-flow-rate","display_name":"Mass flow rate","score":0.644461989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6175711750984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5317952036857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-flow","display_name":"Mass flow","score":0.48875856399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volumetric-flow-rate","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","score":0.48796719312667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4514155387878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4359566271305084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4292179346084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42784419655799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39340004324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15308046340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.14084967970848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13404229283332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10845905542373657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75892298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366187","display_name":"Mass flow rate","level":2,"score":0.644461989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6175711750984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5317952036857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33493971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3295893","display_name":"Mass flow","level":2,"score":0.48875856399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.48796719312667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4514155387878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4359566271305084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4292179346084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42784419655799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39340004324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15308046340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14084967970848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13404229283332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10845905542373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3107599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3107599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:89718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2021.3107599>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320666","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92233337","https://openalex.org/W1986032832","https://openalex.org/W2004630602","https://openalex.org/W2004762910","https://openalex.org/W2005646652","https://openalex.org/W2006489989","https://openalex.org/W2023026444","https://openalex.org/W2044291449","https://openalex.org/W2104745053","https://openalex.org/W2123900247","https://openalex.org/W2139694472","https://openalex.org/W2530777692","https://openalex.org/W2563842307","https://openalex.org/W2565419829","https://openalex.org/W2577383146","https://openalex.org/W2584204174","https://openalex.org/W2608088778","https://openalex.org/W2771217775","https://openalex.org/W2788478361","https://openalex.org/W2899675781","https://openalex.org/W2901856993","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2971952876","https://openalex.org/W3003301267","https://openalex.org/W3017543909","https://openalex.org/W3082459645","https://openalex.org/W3089318091","https://openalex.org/W3094491079","https://openalex.org/W3100321043","https://openalex.org/W3167683307","https://openalex.org/W6756026151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206279544","https://openalex.org/W1994017856","https://openalex.org/W1561343599","https://openalex.org/W2957158881","https://openalex.org/W2035867285","https://openalex.org/W1989793997","https://openalex.org/W2595360753","https://openalex.org/W1995687946","https://openalex.org/W2731729339","https://openalex.org/W2367919695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"continuous":[1],"measurement":[2,44],"of":[3,8,19,22,45,62,65,71,137,172,194],"the":[4,15,40,105,109,122,128,131,151,183,190,217],"mass":[5,41,134,169,191,212],"flow":[6,42,135,170,192,213],"rate":[7,43,136,171,193,214],"pneumatically":[9,46],"conveyed":[10,47],"solids":[11,48,173,195],"is":[12,60],"desirable":[13],"in":[14],"monitoring":[16],"and":[17,31,53,75,91,130,149,156,168,186,203,220,233],"optimization":[18],"a":[20,37,76,144,197,226],"range":[21],"industrial":[23],"processes,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"food":[27],"processing,":[28],"chemical":[29],"engineering,":[30],"power":[32],"generation.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35],"introduces":[36],"technique":[38],"for":[39],"based":[49,116],"on":[50,117,143,153],"multimodal":[51,57],"sensing":[52,58,110],"data-driven":[54],"modeling.":[55],"The":[56,210],"system":[59],"comprised":[61],"an":[63],"array":[64],"ring-shaped":[66],"electrostatic":[67,73],"sensors,":[68,74],"four":[69],"arrays":[70],"arc-shaped":[72],"differential-pressure":[77],"(DP)":[78],"transducer.":[79],"Data-driven":[80],"models,":[81],"including":[82],"artificial":[83],"neural":[84,93],"network":[85,94],"(ANN),":[86],"support":[87],"vector":[88],"machine":[89],"(SVM),":[90],"convolutional":[92],"(CNN),":[95],"are":[96,114,223],"established":[97],"through":[98],"training":[99],"with":[100,159,196,216,225],"statistical":[101],"features":[102,113,129],"extracted":[103],"from":[104,108,163,174],"postprocessed":[106],"data":[107],"system.":[111],"Statistical":[112],"shortlisted":[115],"their":[118],"importance":[119],"by":[120],"calculating":[121],"partial":[123],"mutual":[124],"information":[125],"(PMI)":[126],"between":[127],"corresponding":[132],"reference":[133],"solids.":[138],"Experimental":[139,179],"work":[140],"was":[141],"conducted":[142],"laboratory-scale":[145],"rig":[146],"to":[147,165,176],"train":[148],"test":[150,208,238],"models":[152,188,222],"both":[154],"horizontal":[155],"vertical":[157],"pipelines":[158],"particle":[160],"velocity":[161],"ranging":[162],"10.1":[164],"36.0":[166],"m/s":[167],"3.2":[175],"35.8":[177],"g/s.":[178],"results":[180],"suggest":[181],"that":[182],"ANN,":[184,218],"SVM,":[185,219],"CNN":[187,221],"predict":[189],"relative":[198],"error":[199],"within":[200,230],"\u00b118%,":[201],"\u00b114%,":[202],"\u00b18%,":[204],"respectively,":[205,235],"under":[206,236],"all":[207,237],"conditions.":[209,239],"predicted":[211],"measurements":[215],"repeatable":[224],"normalized":[227],"standard":[228],"deviation":[229],"14%,":[231],"8%,":[232],"5%,":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}