{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153742613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3073443","title":"An Effective Low-Contrast SF\u2086 Gas Leakage Detection Method for Infrared Imaging","display_name":"An Effective Low-Contrast SF\u2086 Gas Leakage Detection Method for Infrared Imaging","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153742613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3073443","mag":"3153742613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3073443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3073443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060565176","display_name":"Quan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-4247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102815899","display_name":"Qin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-1894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078273665","display_name":"Likun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-9204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Likun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070293736","display_name":"Lifeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-1279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060565176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96526577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.5772512555122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4744989573955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.45466485619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4186546802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4166125953197479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.3857569396495819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35999739170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33262306451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.26552265882492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17776915431022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13920006155967712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.5772512555122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4744989573955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.45466485619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4186546802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4166125953197479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.3857569396495819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35999739170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33262306451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.26552265882492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17776915431022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13920006155967712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3073443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3073443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8686309914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61863002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994634851","https://openalex.org/W1995247496","https://openalex.org/W2053529786","https://openalex.org/W2064711341","https://openalex.org/W2107106918","https://openalex.org/W2114669273","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2127070222","https://openalex.org/W2277273574","https://openalex.org/W2348023806","https://openalex.org/W2352005019","https://openalex.org/W2355521169","https://openalex.org/W2367967571","https://openalex.org/W2375480574","https://openalex.org/W2389409112","https://openalex.org/W2390287767","https://openalex.org/W2532338709","https://openalex.org/W2571300184","https://openalex.org/W2582075062","https://openalex.org/W2624386319","https://openalex.org/W2713774261","https://openalex.org/W2782405382","https://openalex.org/W2798251577","https://openalex.org/W2900684139","https://openalex.org/W2905014148","https://openalex.org/W2955877235","https://openalex.org/W2965864272","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3005109325","https://openalex.org/W6996736894","https://openalex.org/W7045283589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057981026","https://openalex.org/W2165297163","https://openalex.org/W2015321244","https://openalex.org/W2256021896","https://openalex.org/W2107891138","https://openalex.org/W4309786676","https://openalex.org/W2122866860","https://openalex.org/W2024449420","https://openalex.org/W3084145657","https://openalex.org/W2398368608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"noncontact":[1],"detection":[2,29,49],"has":[3],"the":[4,16,27,69,80,84,97,101,106,110,121,130,138,148,152,168,186,192,195,208,212,215],"advantages":[5],"of":[6,100,141,159,194,211],"having":[7],"no":[8],"power":[9],"cut-off":[10],"and":[11,34,128,145,155,166,175],"convenient":[12],"operation.":[13],"However,":[14],"when":[15,191],"SF":[17,52,122,169],"<sub":[18,53,123,170],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[19,54,124,171,200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">6</sub>":[20,55,125,172],"(sulfur":[21],"hexafluoride)":[22],"gas":[23,56,126],"leakage":[24,57,127,131,173],"is":[25,76,93,116,198],"small,":[26],"existing":[28],"algorithms":[30],"have":[31],"low":[32],"accuracy":[33],"are":[35],"easily":[36],"disturbed":[37],"by":[38],"noise.":[39],"To":[40],"solve":[41],"this":[42,44],"problem,":[43],"article":[45],"proposes":[46],"an":[47],"online":[48],"method":[50],"for":[51],"based":[58],"on":[59],"a":[60,66,177],"Gaussian":[61,112],"mixture":[62,113],"model.":[63],"First,":[64],"as":[65],"preprocessing":[67],"stage,":[68],"improved":[70,111],"dynamic":[71],"interframe":[72],"time":[73],"domain":[74],"filter":[75],"used":[77,94,117],"to":[78,95,104,118],"suppress":[79],"random":[81],"noise":[82,154],"in":[83],"image.":[85],"Then,":[86],"contrast":[87],"limited":[88],"adaptive":[89],"histogram":[90],"equalization":[91],"(CLAHE)":[92],"enhance":[96],"dark":[98],"details":[99],"infrared":[102,160,196],"image":[103,197],"improve":[105],"local":[107],"contrast.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"background":[114,157],"model":[115],"adaptively":[119],"segment":[120],"mark":[129],"area.":[132],"The":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"under":[137,185],"experimental":[139,187],"conditions":[140],"0.06":[142],"mL/min":[143],"indoor":[144],"5-m":[146],"distance,":[147],"algorithm":[149,184,213],"can":[150,163],"overcome":[151],"high":[153],"complex":[156],"disturbances":[158],"imaging.":[161],"It":[162],"effectively":[164],"detect":[165],"locate":[167],"area":[174],"gets":[176],"higher":[178],"F1-score":[179],"compared":[180],"with":[181],"other":[182],"conventional":[183],"conditions.":[188],"In":[189],"addition,":[190],"resolution":[193],"<inline-formula":[199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[201],"<tex-math":[202],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$320":[203],"\\times":[204],"240$":[205],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[206],",":[207],"running":[209],"efficiency":[210],"meets":[214],"real-time":[216],"requirements.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
