{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3147227983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3069021","title":"A Novel Incremental and Interactive Method for Actual Heartbeat Classification With Limited Additional Labeled Samples","display_name":"A Novel Incremental and Interactive Method for Actual Heartbeat Classification With Limited Additional Labeled Samples","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3147227983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3069021","mag":"3147227983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3069021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3069021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021632916","display_name":"Yanrui Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanrui Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021977927","display_name":"Chengjin Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5200-3241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjin Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5200-3241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101624058","display_name":"Jinlei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-3941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-3941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114030349","display_name":"Zhiyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1323-6795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073072532","display_name":"Haotian Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-8006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-8006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055451322","display_name":"Ke Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-5877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-5877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700939","display_name":"Yunqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-1306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-1306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108555426","display_name":"Chengliang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-258X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021632916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92209096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.794296145439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7841087579727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6323985457420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6012129187583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5578998923301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5371584892272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5347736477851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5162946581840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4585764706134796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4560731053352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.44244617223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4272023141384125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4141586720943451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18435528874397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09244802594184875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.794296145439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7841087579727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6323985457420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6012129187583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5578998923301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5371584892272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5347736477851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5162946581840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4585764706134796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4560731053352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.44244617223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4272023141384125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4141586720943451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18435528874397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09244802594184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3069021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3069021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6319594665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB130700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1988183757","https://openalex.org/W2025492635","https://openalex.org/W2060768609","https://openalex.org/W2063923412","https://openalex.org/W2091076299","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2103308415","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2114842946","https://openalex.org/W2125930537","https://openalex.org/W2133876672","https://openalex.org/W2143503258","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289846183","https://openalex.org/W2482102801","https://openalex.org/W2507148354","https://openalex.org/W2516778685","https://openalex.org/W2568858846","https://openalex.org/W2794557162","https://openalex.org/W2795340004","https://openalex.org/W2802900481","https://openalex.org/W2805227459","https://openalex.org/W2810123878","https://openalex.org/W2888491225","https://openalex.org/W2891342985","https://openalex.org/W2892702025","https://openalex.org/W2902662000","https://openalex.org/W2905877654","https://openalex.org/W2908591466","https://openalex.org/W2916066245","https://openalex.org/W2942497026","https://openalex.org/W2943467239","https://openalex.org/W2963504252","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964335273","https://openalex.org/W2973489423","https://openalex.org/W2984660013","https://openalex.org/W2989881315","https://openalex.org/W2997578981","https://openalex.org/W3000611884","https://openalex.org/W3004521821","https://openalex.org/W3021010134","https://openalex.org/W3035588524","https://openalex.org/W3037655156","https://openalex.org/W3090982778","https://openalex.org/W3093638387","https://openalex.org/W3101546351","https://openalex.org/W3152205189","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639497327","https://openalex.org/W6678818196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3052481912","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4287776258","https://openalex.org/W3027997911","https://openalex.org/W2939136205","https://openalex.org/W2767651786","https://openalex.org/W3160916081","https://openalex.org/W3021430260","https://openalex.org/W2912288872","https://openalex.org/W2961623865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,20,58],"the":[1,90,99,112,119,125,150,156,160],"actual":[2],"scenario,":[3],"it":[4],"is":[5,34,86],"difficult":[6],"for":[7,95],"an":[8],"automatic":[9],"diagnosis":[10],"system":[11],"to":[12,36,53,71,88],"detect":[13],"each":[14,43],"heartbeat":[15,44,50],"when":[16],"facing":[17],"new":[18],"patients.":[19],"this":[21],"article,":[22],"a":[23],"novel":[24],"active":[25,78],"dual-scale":[26,55,75],"residual":[27,62],"convolutional":[28],"long":[29,66],"short-term":[30],"memory":[31,68],"neural":[32],"network":[33],"proposed":[35,113,138,161],"classify":[37],"heartbeats":[38],"interactively":[39],"and":[40,45,64,97,123,128,134,144,154,163],"automatically.":[41],"First,":[42],"electrocardiogram":[46],"segment":[47],"including":[48],"current":[49],"are":[51,69],"combined":[52],"build":[54],"input":[56],"information.":[57],"addition,":[59],"convolution":[60],"layers,":[61],"block,":[63],"bidirectional":[65],"short":[67],"integrated":[70],"extract":[72],"features":[73],"from":[74],"inputs.":[76],"Furthermore,":[77],"learning":[79],"approach":[80],"with":[81,102],"random":[82],"breaking-ties":[83],"selection":[84,146],"strategy":[85,147],"introduced":[87],"choose":[89],"most":[91],"representative":[92,104,142],"unlabeled":[93],"samples":[94],"labeling":[96],"fine-tune":[98],"trained":[100],"model":[101,126],"these":[103],"labeled":[105],"samples.":[106],"The":[107,137],"experimental":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"method":[114,165],"uses":[115],"only":[116],"5.14%":[117],"of":[118,152],"additional":[120],"data":[121],"set":[122],"improves":[124],"accuracy":[127],"macro":[129],"F1":[130],"score":[131],"by":[132],"13.23%":[133],"35.62%,":[135],"respectively.":[136],"structure":[139],"has":[140,166],"good":[141,167],"ability":[143],"our":[145],"can":[148],"reduce":[149],"workload":[151],"experts":[153],"improve":[155],"performance":[157],"greatly.":[158],"Thus,":[159],"interactive":[162],"incremental":[164],"potential":[168],"in":[169],"real":[170],"applications.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}