{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134182943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3062414","title":"Multiscale Deep Neural Network for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Using RR Interval From Single-Lead ECG Signal","display_name":"Multiscale Deep Neural Network for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Using RR Interval From Single-Lead ECG Signal","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134182943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3062414","mag":"3134182943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3062414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3062414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019320923","display_name":"Qi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-3732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83714178","display_name":"Shenyang Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zr73v18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83714178"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun YatSen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun YatSen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83714178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022833959","display_name":"Hengji Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengji Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Centre of Advanced and Portable Medical Device, Guangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Centre of Advanced and Portable Medical Device, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022711604","display_name":"Keming Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-502X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keming Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Centre of Advanced and Portable Medical Device, Guangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Centre of Advanced and Portable Medical Device, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102851337","display_name":"Guanzheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-7479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanzheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Centre of Advanced and Portable Medical Device, Guangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Centre of Advanced and Portable Medical Device, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":148,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99229261,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6639843583106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6545077562332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6215953826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6206507682800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5294042825698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5115410089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-apnea","display_name":"Sleep apnea","score":0.498781681060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44157400727272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-sleep-apnea","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","score":0.43808501958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1362641453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.12650996446609497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6639843583106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6545077562332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6215953826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6206507682800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5294042825698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5115410089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.498781681060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44157400727272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.43808501958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1362641453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.12650996446609497}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3062414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3062414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78988216","https://openalex.org/W112570851","https://openalex.org/W997512769","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1639178551","https://openalex.org/W1924592226","https://openalex.org/W1996273401","https://openalex.org/W2007977032","https://openalex.org/W2026191693","https://openalex.org/W2044404868","https://openalex.org/W2074330864","https://openalex.org/W2079098004","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098816250","https://openalex.org/W2102490765","https://openalex.org/W2106336403","https://openalex.org/W2108691203","https://openalex.org/W2114046591","https://openalex.org/W2134643078","https://openalex.org/W2137664072","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2164179736","https://openalex.org/W2167607883","https://openalex.org/W2174283729","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2343482910","https://openalex.org/W2410613289","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2517389691","https://openalex.org/W2571304339","https://openalex.org/W2604839236","https://openalex.org/W2695830322","https://openalex.org/W2754645574","https://openalex.org/W2782755471","https://openalex.org/W2791025763","https://openalex.org/W2797898470","https://openalex.org/W2801395464","https://openalex.org/W2802111092","https://openalex.org/W2900524312","https://openalex.org/W2944265983","https://openalex.org/W2952608122","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2966158888","https://openalex.org/W2974597585","https://openalex.org/W2995957777","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3053117764","https://openalex.org/W3080123002","https://openalex.org/W4240261103","https://openalex.org/W6604594239","https://openalex.org/W6684539845","https://openalex.org/W6685446167","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6768952390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319255337","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2901378019","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104,198],"detection":[1,30,82],"of":[2,22,50,58,75,106,131,141,146,159,167,178,194],"obstructive":[3],"sleep":[4,210],"apnea":[5,211],"(OSA)":[6],"based":[7,84],"on":[8,85],"single-lead":[9],"electrocardiogram":[10],"(ECG)":[11],"is":[12],"better":[13],"suited":[14],"to":[15,47],"the":[16,48,55,63,73,111,122,129,137,142,144,157,164,168,173,179,192,202],"noninvasive":[17],"needs":[18],"and":[19,43,54,95,116,127,151,162,176,185],"hardware":[20],"conditions":[21],"wearable":[23],"mobile":[24],"devices.":[25],"From":[26],"previous":[27],"ECG-based":[28],"OSA":[29,81],"methods,":[31],"we":[32],"can":[33,208],"find":[34],"that":[35,195,201],"deep":[36],"learning":[37],"methods":[38],"have":[39],"shown":[40],"great":[41],"potential":[42],"advantages.":[44],"However,":[45],"due":[46],"nonstationarity":[49],"sympathetic":[51],"nerve":[52],"signals":[53],"complex":[56],"characteristics":[57],"heart":[59],"rate":[60],"variability":[61],"(HRV),":[62],"neural":[64,92],"network":[65,93],"under":[66,133],"a":[67,86,96],"single":[68],"scale":[69],"cannot":[70],"effectively":[71,109,155],"capture":[72],"features":[74,124,132],"HRV.":[76],"In":[77,136,170],"this":[78,206],"study,":[79],"an":[80],"method":[83,181,203],"multiscale":[87,123],"dilation":[88],"attention":[89],"1-D":[90],"convolutional":[91],"(MSDA-1DCNN)":[94],"weighted-loss":[97],"time-dependent":[98],"(WLTD)":[99],"classification":[100,139,165],"model":[101,114,154],"were":[102],"proposed.":[103],"introduction":[105],"dilated":[107],"convolution":[108],"balanced":[110],"relationship":[112],"between":[113],"parameters":[115],"performance.":[117],"Attention":[118],"mechanism":[119],"technology":[120],"modified":[121],"after":[125],"fusion":[126],"improved":[128,163],"weight":[130],"important":[134],"channels.":[135],"final":[138],"part":[140],"network,":[143],"combination":[145],"weighted":[147],"cross-entropy":[148],"loss":[149],"function":[150],"hidden":[152],"Markov":[153],"alleviated":[156],"problem":[158],"data":[160],"imbalance":[161],"accuracy":[166,193],"classifier.":[169],"segment":[171],"identification,":[172,191],"accuracy,":[174],"sensitivity,":[175],"specificity":[177],"proposed":[180,204],"are":[182],"89.4%,":[183],"89.8%,":[184],"89.1%,":[186],"respectively;":[187],"as":[188],"for":[189],"individual":[190],"achieved":[196],"100%.":[197],"results":[199],"demonstrated":[200],"in":[205],"study":[207],"identify":[209],"accurately.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
