{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126566397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3052577","title":"A Multicenter Study on Carotid Ultrasound Plaque Tissue Characterization and Classification Using Six Deep Artificial Intelligence Models: A Stroke Application","display_name":"A Multicenter Study on Carotid Ultrasound Plaque Tissue Characterization and Classification Using Six Deep Artificial Intelligence Models: A Stroke Application","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126566397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3052577","mag":"3126566397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3052577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3052577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102717946","display_name":"Luca Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124799","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/034qxt397","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124799"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089045408","display_name":"Siva Skandha Sanagala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3535-5613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129773123","display_name":"Bennett University","ror":"https://ror.org/00an5hx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129773123"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104573","display_name":"CMR University","ror":"https://ror.org/015waqy33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104573"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Skandha S. Sanagala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India","Computer Science and Engineering Department, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129773123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104573"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042514819","display_name":"Suneet Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129773123","display_name":"Bennett University","ror":"https://ror.org/00an5hx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129773123"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suneet K. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129773123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083101992","display_name":"Vijaya Kumar Koppula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-9538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104573","display_name":"CMR University","ror":"https://ror.org/015waqy33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104573"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijaya K. Koppula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104573"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031798099","display_name":"John R. Laird","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-2191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141098","display_name":"St. Helena Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03q6hax08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141098"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Laird","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adventist Health St. Helena, Heart and Vascular Institute, St Helena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adventist Health St. Helena, Heart and Vascular Institute, St Helena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051048965","display_name":"Vijay Viswanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-3937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160007","display_name":"M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Diabetes Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05rkr5a10","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160007"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Viswanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053559436","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Sanches","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel J. Sanches","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Department (IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department (IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003199301","display_name":"George D. Kitas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-6176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801954517","display_name":"Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/014hmqv77","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801954517"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George D. Kitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&D Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&D Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801954517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074332540","display_name":"Amer M. Johri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7044-8212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer M. Johri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada","Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619381","display_name":"Neeraj Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-7888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061702412","display_name":"Andrew Nicolaides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17389662","display_name":"University of Nicosia","ror":"https://ror.org/04v18t651","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17389662"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Nicolaides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Center, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Center, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17389662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071959897","display_name":"Jasjit S. Suri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-396X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasjit S. Suri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stroke Diagnosis and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stroke Diagnosis and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102717946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97121641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6678246259689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptomatic","display_name":"Asymptomatic","score":0.5774297714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.5546598434448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-arteries","display_name":"Carotid arteries","score":0.5256620049476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4719219207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46923333406448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.44128525257110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4401223659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.41087979078292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.37887465953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37772783637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32547175884246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31889909505844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2999722361564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.20671963691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.20311537384986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1740407645702362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11285582184791565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6678246259689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.5774297714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.5546598434448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987047532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214275","display_name":"Carotid arteries","level":2,"score":0.5256620049476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4719219207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46923333406448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.44128525257110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4401223659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.41087979078292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37887465953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37772783637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32547175884246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31889909505844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2999722361564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20671963691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20311537384986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1740407645702362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11285582184791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3052577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3052577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W414768691","https://openalex.org/W620970241","https://openalex.org/W641509712","https://openalex.org/W1009877354","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1596294595","https://openalex.org/W1599122042","https://openalex.org/W1817953732","https://openalex.org/W1941226239","https://openalex.org/W1970080142","https://openalex.org/W1973679205","https://openalex.org/W1977534861","https://openalex.org/W1983494274","https://openalex.org/W2012586450","https://openalex.org/W2014276723","https://openalex.org/W2014944651","https://openalex.org/W2026520636","https://openalex.org/W2034488854","https://openalex.org/W2036893652","https://openalex.org/W2047883037","https://openalex.org/W2053620629","https://openalex.org/W2054641134","https://openalex.org/W2061133004","https://openalex.org/W2063921320","https://openalex.org/W2066937625","https://openalex.org/W2081789285","https://openalex.org/W2085241030","https://openalex.org/W2097334637","https://openalex.org/W2115876517","https://openalex.org/W2124488388","https://openalex.org/W2140639259","https://openalex.org/W2140663657","https://openalex.org/W2140947142","https://openalex.org/W2143058286","https://openalex.org/W2143620145","https://openalex.org/W2151247869","https://openalex.org/W2155877309","https://openalex.org/W2160645127","https://openalex.org/W2277070532","https://openalex.org/W2279267716","https://openalex.org/W2289677250","https://openalex.org/W2290121903","https://openalex.org/W2291843923","https://openalex.org/W2296253822","https://openalex.org/W2305392477","https://openalex.org/W2316947163","https://openalex.org/W2495428529","https://openalex.org/W2556985958","https://openalex.org/W2612685003","https://openalex.org/W2729732814","https://openalex.org/W2748877250","https://openalex.org/W2752627726","https://openalex.org/W2766014011","https://openalex.org/W2789774783","https://openalex.org/W2800807461","https://openalex.org/W2894776090","https://openalex.org/W2898123554","https://openalex.org/W2919356958","https://openalex.org/W2945196538","https://openalex.org/W2954106462","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3003299879","https://openalex.org/W3006775992","https://openalex.org/W3009759509","https://openalex.org/W3011734657","https://openalex.org/W3031839920","https://openalex.org/W3049581495","https://openalex.org/W3097180705","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049776456","https://openalex.org/W2097753790","https://openalex.org/W2781494228","https://openalex.org/W1627705222","https://openalex.org/W3119120477","https://openalex.org/W2951399089","https://openalex.org/W2562811035","https://openalex.org/W4230540696","https://openalex.org/W3044331089","https://openalex.org/W2466743278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atherosclerotic":[0],"plaque":[1,44,61,111,250],"in":[2,210],"carotid":[3,42,249],"arteries":[4],"can":[5,72],"ultimately":[6],"lead":[7],"to":[8,21,52,144,212],"cerebrovascular":[9],"events":[10],"if":[11],"not":[12],"monitored.":[13],"The":[14,184],"objectives":[15],"of":[16,25,83,110,126,151,173],"this":[17],"study":[18],"are":[19],"(a)":[20,113],"design":[22],"a":[23],"set":[24],"artificial":[26],"intelligence":[27],"(AI)-based":[28],"tissue":[29,251],"characterization":[30,254],"and":[31,50,75,96,120,132,139,168,181,191,204,208,231,242,245,253],"classification":[32,252],"(TCC)":[33],"systems":[34],"(Atheromatic":[35],"2.0,":[36],"AtheroPoint,":[37],"CA,":[38],"USA)":[39],"using":[40],"ultrasound-based":[41],"artery":[43],"scans":[45],"collected":[46],"from":[47],"multiple":[48],"centers":[49],"(b)":[51,121],"evaluate":[53],"the":[54,69,162,171,174],"AI":[55,70,84,152,197],"performance.":[56],"We":[57,79,137],"hypothesize":[58],"that":[59],"symptomatic":[60],"is":[62,246],"more":[63],"scattered":[64],"than":[65],"asymptomatic":[66],"plaque.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"system":[71],"learn,":[73],"characterize,":[74],"classify":[76],"them":[77],"automatically.":[78],"developed":[80],"six":[81],"kinds":[82,125],"systems:":[85],"four":[86],"machine":[87],"learning":[88,93,99],"(ML)":[89],"systems,":[90],"one":[91,97],"transfer":[92],"(TL)":[94],"system,":[95],"deep":[98],"(DL)":[100],"architecture":[101],"with":[102],"different":[103],"layers.":[104],"Atheromatic":[105,213,238],"2.0":[106,239],"uses":[107],"two":[108],"types":[109],"characterization:":[112],"an":[114,200],"AI-based":[115],"mean":[116,163,172,186],"feature":[117],"strength":[118],"(MFS)":[119],"bispectrum":[122],"analysis.":[123],"Three":[124],"data":[127,176,221],"were":[128,178,188],"collected:":[129],"London,":[130],"Lisbon,":[131],"Combined":[133],"(London":[134],"+":[135],"Lisbon).":[136],"balanced":[138],"then":[140],"augmented":[141],"five":[142],"folds":[143],"conduct":[145],"3-D":[146],"optimization":[147],"for":[148,165,206,218,248,255],"optimal":[149],"number":[150],"layers":[153],"versus":[154],"folds.":[155],"Using":[156],"K10":[157],"(90%":[158],"training,":[159],"10%":[160],"testing),":[161],"accuracies":[164],"DL,":[166],"TL,":[167],"ML":[169],"over":[170],"three":[175,220],"sets":[177],"93.55%,":[179],"94.55%,":[180],"89%,":[182],"respectively.":[183,196,215],"corresponding":[185],"AUCs":[187],"0.938,":[189],"0.946,":[190],"0.889":[192],"(p":[193],"<;":[194],"0.0001),":[195],"paradigms":[198],"showed":[199,240],"improvement":[201],"by":[202,228],"10.41%":[203],"3.32%":[205],"London":[207],"Lisbon":[209],"comparison":[211],"1.0,":[214],"On":[216],"characterization,":[217],"all":[219],"sets,":[222],"MFS":[223,226],"(symptomatic)":[224],">":[225],"(asymptomatic)":[227],"46.56%,":[229],"19.40%,":[230],"53.84%,":[232],"respectively,":[233],"thus":[234],"validating":[235],"our":[236],"hypothesis.":[237],"consistent":[241],"stable":[243],"results":[244],"useful":[247],"vascular":[256],"surgery":[257],"applications.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
