{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3102544523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3038413","title":"A Novel Pixel-Wise Defect Inspection Method Based on Stable Background Reconstruction","display_name":"A Novel Pixel-Wise Defect Inspection Method Based on Stable Background Reconstruction","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3102544523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3038413","mag":"3102544523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3038413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3038413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007706109","display_name":"Chengkan Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengkan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608943","display_name":"Fei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-4489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CASI Vision Technology, Company, Ltd., Luoyang, China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASI Vision Technology, Company, Ltd., Luoyang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043244668","display_name":"Zhengtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CASI Vision Technology, Company, Ltd., Luoyang, China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASI Vision Technology, Company, Ltd., Luoyang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016826662","display_name":"De Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-1654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046862439","display_name":"Yonghao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["CASI Vision Technology, Company, Ltd., Luoyang, China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASI Vision Technology, Company, Ltd., Luoyang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007706109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94119921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8028973340988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6463088989257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6440362334251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6201647520065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5987063646316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.58221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-synthesis","display_name":"Texture synthesis","score":0.5048442482948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5042160749435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4925483167171478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.4852306842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4835067093372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.4680808484554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4373975098133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35182416439056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.340528666973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08513912558555603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8028973340988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6463088989257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6440362334251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6201647520065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5987063646316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.58221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50494287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658467","display_name":"Texture synthesis","level":5,"score":0.5048442482948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5042160749435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4925483167171478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.4852306842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4835067093372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.4680808484554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4373975098133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35182416439056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.340528666973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08513912558555603}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3038413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3038413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6411285273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2314036174","https://openalex.org/W2340896621","https://openalex.org/W2562062856","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2783561763","https://openalex.org/W2783748519","https://openalex.org/W2784032999","https://openalex.org/W2791709739","https://openalex.org/W2803674491","https://openalex.org/W2803697594","https://openalex.org/W2809705434","https://openalex.org/W2867167548","https://openalex.org/W2893749619","https://openalex.org/W2899280016","https://openalex.org/W2904981516","https://openalex.org/W2907868778","https://openalex.org/W2913074553","https://openalex.org/W2914570111","https://openalex.org/W2925312408","https://openalex.org/W2942067373","https://openalex.org/W2944303778","https://openalex.org/W2948982773","https://openalex.org/W2951883849","https://openalex.org/W2952716587","https://openalex.org/W2962879692","https://openalex.org/W2963061824","https://openalex.org/W2963384319","https://openalex.org/W2963773039","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2987228832","https://openalex.org/W2988072185","https://openalex.org/W2994615081","https://openalex.org/W2998160247","https://openalex.org/W3007076381","https://openalex.org/W3020997326","https://openalex.org/W3037921770","https://openalex.org/W3040536599","https://openalex.org/W3101017490","https://openalex.org/W3105939760","https://openalex.org/W3109352944","https://openalex.org/W3125927195","https://openalex.org/W4287869122","https://openalex.org/W4295521014","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6735108248","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6745553787","https://openalex.org/W6751494907","https://openalex.org/W6751866786","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6755312952","https://openalex.org/W6757615711","https://openalex.org/W6771530079","https://openalex.org/W6772588388","https://openalex.org/W6780405429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186512740","https://openalex.org/W3017266184","https://openalex.org/W2918377632","https://openalex.org/W3194885736","https://openalex.org/W3046391934","https://openalex.org/W4363671829","https://openalex.org/W2183887509","https://openalex.org/W2972612618","https://openalex.org/W2743128629","https://openalex.org/W1983661653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"an":[3,32],"anomaly":[4,66],"detection":[5],"method":[6,26,64],"based":[7,78],"on":[8,17,123],"background":[9,46],"reconstruction":[10],"is":[11,40,67,81],"proposed":[12,144],"to":[13,42,69,83,108],"perform":[14,84],"defect":[15],"inspection":[16,79],"the":[18,22,44,48,71,88,91,94,110,130,138,143],"texture":[19,125],"surface":[20],"of":[21,28,47,65,73,87,119,142],"industrial":[23,131],"products.":[24],"This":[25],"consists":[27],"two":[29],"modules:":[30],"1)":[31],"autoencoder":[33],"integrated":[34],"with":[35],"a":[36,52,62],"generative":[37],"adversarial":[38],"network":[39,80],"utilized":[41,107],"reconstruct":[43],"textured":[45],"original":[49,92],"image":[50,126],"as":[51],"defect-free":[53,96],"reference.":[54],"Specifically,":[55],"extra":[56],"anomalous":[57],"images":[58,105],"are":[59,106,121],"introduced":[60],"and":[61,93,129,140],"mapping":[63],"given":[68],"improve":[70],"stability":[72],"reconstruction.":[74],"2)":[75],"A":[76,117],"U-net":[77],"trained":[82],"pixel-wise":[85],"analysis":[86],"differences":[89],"between":[90],"reconstructed":[95],"image.":[97],"During":[98],"these":[99],"processes,":[100],"only":[101],"artificial":[102],"synthesized":[103],"defective":[104,115],"train":[109],"model":[111],"without":[112],"any":[113],"real":[114],"samples.":[116],"series":[118],"experiments":[120],"conducted":[122],"several":[124],"data":[127],"sets":[128],"production":[132],"line.":[133],"The":[134],"experimental":[135],"results":[136],"reveal":[137],"effectiveness":[139],"versatility":[141],"method.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}