{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3101691590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3037950","title":"Relative Entropy Regularized TDLAS Tomography for Robust Temperature Imaging","display_name":"Relative Entropy Regularized TDLAS Tomography for Robust Temperature Imaging","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3101691590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3037950","mag":"3101691590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3037950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3037950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060601387","display_name":"Yong Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1345-9593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1345-9593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421936","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5993-7218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5993-7218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038402408","display_name":"Godwin Enemali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-7035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godwin Enemali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-7035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635854","display_name":"Zhang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-9512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740901","display_name":"Bin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-2663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-2663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081366032","display_name":"H. McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh McCann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-3789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353162","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91726871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.7138175368309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5329851508140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.42728468775749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3796972930431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31961145997047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20366019010543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.09197363257408142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.7138175368309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5329851508140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.42728468775749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3796972930431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31961145997047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20366019010543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.09197363257408142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3037950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3037950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/1d867660-a7ad-4f12-96b8-e0995aa483a1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/1d867660-a7ad-4f12-96b8-e0995aa483a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bao , Y , Zhang , R , Enemali , G , Cao , Z , Zhou , B , McCann , H & Liu , C 2020 , ' Relative entropy regularized TDLAS tomography for robust temperature imaging ' , IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , vol. 70 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3037950","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bao, Y, Zhang, R, Enemali, G, Cao, Z, Zhou, B, McCann, H & Liu, C 2020, 'Relative Entropy Regularised TDLAS Tomography for Robust Temperature Imaging', IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, 4501909. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3037950","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2220faae-3b06-4c88-a457-1a8359fa8dd1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bao, Y, Zhang, R, Enemali, G, Cao, Z, Zhou, B, McCann, H & Liu, C 2020, 'Relative Entropy Regularised TDLAS Tomography for Robust Temperature Imaging', IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, 4501909. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3037950","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2235118211","display_name":"In-situ Chemical Measurement and Imaging Diagnostics for Energy Process Engineering","funder_award_id":"EP/P001661/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G745719754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P001661/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3101691590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3101691590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596877211","https://openalex.org/W1632601927","https://openalex.org/W1751758558","https://openalex.org/W1971108535","https://openalex.org/W2011635595","https://openalex.org/W2028977950","https://openalex.org/W2034862970","https://openalex.org/W2037521346","https://openalex.org/W2050976673","https://openalex.org/W2079473044","https://openalex.org/W2089238781","https://openalex.org/W2123225182","https://openalex.org/W2178935672","https://openalex.org/W2199852988","https://openalex.org/W2321429733","https://openalex.org/W2329162698","https://openalex.org/W2483604105","https://openalex.org/W2526581966","https://openalex.org/W2552037068","https://openalex.org/W2593357674","https://openalex.org/W2610027178","https://openalex.org/W2611807022","https://openalex.org/W2744977956","https://openalex.org/W2754826564","https://openalex.org/W2791568701","https://openalex.org/W2796705419","https://openalex.org/W2902638097","https://openalex.org/W2904577540","https://openalex.org/W2915967698","https://openalex.org/W2969813287","https://openalex.org/W2988539217","https://openalex.org/W2997324549","https://openalex.org/W3105306379","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4292101282","https://openalex.org/W4301014524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tunable":[0],"diode":[1],"laser":[2],"absorption":[3],"spectroscopy":[4],"(TDLAS)":[5],"tomography":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"forin":[11],"situcombustion":[12],"diagnostics,":[13],"yielding":[14],"images":[15],"of":[16,45,54,143,164],"both":[17],"species":[18],"concentration":[19],"and":[20,67,119],"temperature.":[21],"The":[22],"temperature":[23,73,104,146],"image":[24,105],"is":[25,100,169],"generally":[26],"obtained":[27],"from":[28,107],"the":[29,41,55,64,71,124,129,136,141,144],"reconstructed":[30,56,109],"absorbance":[31,57,65,111],"distributions":[32],"for":[33,93,102,160,171],"two":[34],"spectral":[35],"transitions,":[36],"i.e.,":[37],"two-line":[38,110],"thermometry.":[39],"However,":[40],"inherently":[42],"ill-posed":[43],"nature":[44],"tomographic":[46,145,153],"data":[47],"inversion":[48],"leads":[49],"to":[50,122,173],"noise":[51,60],"in":[52,70,176],"each":[53],"distributions.":[58,112],"These":[59],"effects":[61],"propagate":[62],"into":[63],"ratio":[66],"generate":[68],"artifacts":[69],"retrieved":[72],"image.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"this":[77],"problem,":[78],"we":[79,86],"have":[80,114],"developed":[81],"a":[82],"novel":[83],"algorithm,":[84],"which":[85],"call":[87],"Relative":[88],"Entropy":[89],"Tomographic":[90],"RecOnstruction":[91],"(RETRO),":[92],"TDLAS":[94,152,165],"tomography.":[95],"A":[96],"relative":[97],"entropy":[98],"regularization":[99],"introduced":[101],"high-fidelity":[103],"retrieval":[106],"jointly":[108],"We":[113],"carried":[115],"out":[116],"numerical":[117],"simulations":[118],"proof-of-concept":[120],"experiments":[121],"validate":[123],"proposed":[125],"algorithm.":[126],"Compared":[127],"with":[128],"well-established":[130],"simultaneous":[131],"algebraic":[132],"reconstruction":[133],"technique":[134],"(SART),":[135],"RETRO":[137,156],"algorithm":[138],"significantly":[139],"improves":[140],"quality":[142],"images,":[147],"exhibiting":[148],"excellent":[149],"robustness":[150],"against":[151],"measurement":[154],"noise.":[155],"offers":[157],"great":[158],"potential":[159],"industrial":[161],"field":[162],"applications":[163],"tomography,":[166],"where":[167],"it":[168],"common":[170],"measurements":[172],"be":[174],"performed":[175],"very":[177],"harsh":[178],"environments.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}