{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108535894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3036767","title":"<i>In Vivo</i> Human Skin Dielectric Properties Characterization and Statistical Analysis at Frequencies From 1 to 30 GHz","display_name":"<i>In Vivo</i> Human Skin Dielectric Properties Characterization and Statistical Analysis at Frequencies From 1 to 30 GHz","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108535894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3036767","mag":"3108535894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3036767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3036767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019014924","display_name":"Syed Akbar Raza Naqvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-3739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Akbar Raza Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-3739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066987395","display_name":"Mohamed Manoufali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Manoufali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055681224","display_name":"Beadaa Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beadaa Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-1581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084676631","display_name":"Ahmed Toaha Mobashsher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6351-8136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Toaha Mobashsher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6351-8136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037182164","display_name":"Damien Foong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801046730","display_name":"Logan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0082dha77","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I2801046730","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I4210089726","https://openalex.org/I4405259867"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damien Foong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logan Skin Clinic, Logan Central, QLD, Australia","Mylab Pty Ltd., Salisbury, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-5753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logan Skin Clinic, Logan Central, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801046730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mylab Pty Ltd., Salisbury, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017903283","display_name":"Amin Abbosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin M. Abbosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78024226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.8165072798728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6642091870307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5692122578620911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skin","display_name":"Human skin","score":0.551998496055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.5353646278381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity","display_name":"Conductivity","score":0.4420076906681061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.4295305609703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial","display_name":"Coaxial","score":0.41438591480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25221478939056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.22595757246017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1682834029197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1355380415916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11389768123626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11082050204277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09833437204360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.8165072798728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6642091870307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5692122578620911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911","display_name":"Human skin","level":2,"score":0.551998496055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5353646278381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4420076906681061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.4295305609703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51221625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751466","display_name":"Coaxial","level":2,"score":0.41438591480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25221478939056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.22595757246017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1682834029197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1355380415916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11389768123626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11082050204277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09833437204360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3036767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3036767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578092267","https://openalex.org/W645839544","https://openalex.org/W1531237901","https://openalex.org/W1577385869","https://openalex.org/W1965187746","https://openalex.org/W1973261402","https://openalex.org/W1977652756","https://openalex.org/W1998641209","https://openalex.org/W2001111202","https://openalex.org/W2012091318","https://openalex.org/W2012126121","https://openalex.org/W2024130539","https://openalex.org/W2024352941","https://openalex.org/W2024473825","https://openalex.org/W2032927332","https://openalex.org/W2035012372","https://openalex.org/W2069472142","https://openalex.org/W2075674528","https://openalex.org/W2079960402","https://openalex.org/W2082084701","https://openalex.org/W2098397522","https://openalex.org/W2118320140","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2149049022","https://openalex.org/W2169236877","https://openalex.org/W2184085450","https://openalex.org/W2474793396","https://openalex.org/W2566433069","https://openalex.org/W2751236084","https://openalex.org/W2770962322","https://openalex.org/W2789833839","https://openalex.org/W2884759576","https://openalex.org/W2986966947","https://openalex.org/W2988626026","https://openalex.org/W4250928742","https://openalex.org/W6631841644","https://openalex.org/W6634212069","https://openalex.org/W6686375781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967632292","https://openalex.org/W2176200406","https://openalex.org/W2084249261","https://openalex.org/W2090778568","https://openalex.org/W2001698569","https://openalex.org/W2086551297","https://openalex.org/W2114986906","https://openalex.org/W2071309596","https://openalex.org/W118630527","https://openalex.org/W2107606047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precise":[0],"data":[1,65,166],"acquisition":[2],"and":[3,126,131,197],"modeling":[4],"of":[5,24,31,42,77,163,171,194],"healthy":[6],"dermal":[7,138],"dielectric":[8,47,64,93,110,133,139,174],"properties":[9,94,111],"are":[10,66,142],"critical":[11],"for":[12],"accurate":[13],"skin":[14,40,70,101,180],"anomaly":[15],"detection":[16],"studies.":[17],"For":[18],"this":[19],"purpose,":[20],"an":[21,147],"extensive":[22],"campaign":[23],"around":[25],"1000":[26],"measurements":[27],"across":[28,151],"a":[29,50,87,172,183,201],"band":[30],"1-30":[32],"GHz":[33],"leads":[34,167],"to":[35,56,116,144,168],"the":[36,58,69,74,78,82,91,97,103,164,169,205],"conclusion":[37,170],"that":[38],"each":[39],"region":[41],"interest":[43],"(ROI)":[44],"provides":[45],"unique":[46],"properties.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"single-skin":[51],"model":[52],"would":[53],"not":[54],"suffice":[55],"represent":[57],"complete":[59],"human":[60],"body.":[61],"The":[62,120,179],"acquired":[63],"predominantly":[67],"from":[68],"layer;":[71],"however,":[72],"considering":[73],"sensing":[75],"depth":[76],"utilized":[79],"coaxial":[80],"cable,":[81],"subcutaneous":[83],"layers":[84],"do":[85],"have":[86],"minor":[88],"contribution":[89],"toward":[90],"effective":[92],"seen":[95],"at":[96],"probe/skin":[98],"interface.":[99],"Palmar":[100],"has":[102],"maximum":[104],"mean":[105],"absolute":[106],"percentage":[107],"deviation":[108],"in":[109],"(around":[112],"34%)":[113],"with":[114,156,188,204],"respect":[115],"hand":[117],"dorsum":[118],"skin.":[119,159],"remaining":[121],"measured":[122,153,165,206],"ROIs":[123,154],"(anterior":[124],"wrist":[125],"anterior":[127],"forearm)":[128],"generate":[129],"4%":[130],"8%":[132],"deviation,":[134],"respectively.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"female":[137],"constant":[140,175],"values":[141],"observed":[143],"be":[145],"on":[146,177],"average":[148],"9%":[149],"higher":[150],"all":[152],"compared":[155],"respective":[157],"male":[158],"Subsequent":[160],"statistical":[161],"analysis":[162,193],"significant":[173],"dependence":[176],"gender.":[178],"type":[181],"generates":[182],"moderate":[184],"but":[185],"insignificant":[186],"correlation":[187],"conductivity":[189],"values.":[190],"A":[191],"similar":[192],"volunteer":[195],"weight":[196],"age":[198],"details":[199],"determined":[200],"weak":[202],"association":[203],"data.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}