{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083459848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3021514","title":"Beyond Euclidean Distance for Error Measurement in Pedestrian Indoor Location","display_name":"Beyond Euclidean Distance for Error Measurement in Pedestrian Indoor Location","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083459848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3021514","mag":"3083459848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3021514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3021514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039322222","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n Mart\u00edn Mendoza-Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-0236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"German Martin Mendoza-Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059422222","display_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Sospedra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-4334"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquin Torres-Sospedra","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBIK Geospatial Solutions S.L., Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBIK Geospatial Solutions S.L., Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009692988","display_name":"Francesco Potort\u00ec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Potorti","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council\u2014Information Science and Technologies Institute (CNR-ISTI), Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council\u2014Information Science and Technologies Institute (CNR-ISTI), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008236312","display_name":"Adriano Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-118X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriano Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088534260","display_name":"Stefan Knauth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-472X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31582689","display_name":"Stuttgart Technical University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/039gdg280","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31582689"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Knauth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty for Computer Sciences, Mathematics and Geomatics, HFT Stuttgart\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty for Computer Sciences, Mathematics and Geomatics, HFT Stuttgart\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31582689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017565613","display_name":"Rafael Berkvens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-5020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Berkvens","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp\u2013imec, Antwerp, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp\u2013imec, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009646364","display_name":"Joaqu\u0131\u0301n Huerta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8625-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquin Huerta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039322222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9358,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75028599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6412128210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6214478015899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.5988433361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5803657174110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5509086847305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5130661725997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4794682264328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentile","display_name":"Percentile","score":0.4595964848995209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.4465826451778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem","display_name":"Shortest path problem","score":0.4433339834213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39077597856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3089854419231415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3015265464782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.26485198736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2372613549232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13846850395202637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6412128210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6214478015899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.5988433361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5803657174110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5509086847305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5130661725997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4794682264328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.4595964848995209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.4465826451778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.4433339834213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39077597856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3089854419231415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3015265464782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.26485198736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2372613549232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13846850395202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3021514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3021514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori.uji.es:10234/191365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3021514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400303","display_name":"Repositori UJI (Universitat Jaume I)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","host_organization_name":"Universitat Jaume I","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:c:irua:171383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1713830151162165141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401849","display_name":"Institutional Repository University of Antwerp (University of Antwerp)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","host_organization_name":"University of Antwerp","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:people______::96c8c1d0ce8efc2e66e903be2f4973f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055261","display_name":"ISTI Open Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, vol. 70, pp. 1-11","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:repositoriun::c256627c2acf7a4926752fda69538e7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10234/191365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:people______::96c8c1d0ce8efc2e66e903be2f4973f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055261","display_name":"ISTI Open Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, vol. 70, pp. 1-11","raw_type":"Journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5642450778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PREDOC/2016/5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322926","funder_display_name":"Universitat Jaume I"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6004232423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PREDOC/2016/55","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322926","funder_display_name":"Universitat Jaume I"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8534055360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PTQ2018-009981","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322926","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101508493","https://openalex.org/W105147962","https://openalex.org/W1568391295","https://openalex.org/W1592715706","https://openalex.org/W1609591105","https://openalex.org/W1630879738","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1971711631","https://openalex.org/W1988233315","https://openalex.org/W1999244633","https://openalex.org/W2008196645","https://openalex.org/W2076200020","https://openalex.org/W2084669237","https://openalex.org/W2142555209","https://openalex.org/W2147298666","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2173462126","https://openalex.org/W2182783003","https://openalex.org/W2182977717","https://openalex.org/W2183609727","https://openalex.org/W2187263011","https://openalex.org/W2197966420","https://openalex.org/W2529523056","https://openalex.org/W2549580146","https://openalex.org/W2553928822","https://openalex.org/W2562522049","https://openalex.org/W2568535222","https://openalex.org/W2591492581","https://openalex.org/W2604710118","https://openalex.org/W2609031099","https://openalex.org/W2751735948","https://openalex.org/W2769818113","https://openalex.org/W2885744570","https://openalex.org/W2887081507","https://openalex.org/W2897780865","https://openalex.org/W2901758280","https://openalex.org/W2940742273","https://openalex.org/W2972204661","https://openalex.org/W2978556704","https://openalex.org/W6604114042","https://openalex.org/W6753822870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W1550559433","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2189235034","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W1976827262","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2055755535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"positioning":[1,33,67],"systems":[2],"(IPSs)":[3],"suffer":[4],"from":[5,209],"a":[6,66],"lack":[7],"of":[8,18,73,151,191,201],"standard":[9],"evaluation":[10,29,216],"procedures":[11,63,87,129],"enabling":[12],"credible":[13],"comparisons:":[14],"this":[15,59],"is":[16,30,50],"one":[17],"the":[19,37,41,45,71,74,79,83,116,137,142,189,202,207,215],"main":[20],"challenges":[21],"hindering":[22],"their":[23],"widespread":[24],"market":[25],"adoption.":[26],"Traditionally,":[27],"accuracy":[28],"based":[31],"on":[32,90,118],"errors":[34],"defined":[35,69],"as":[36,70],"Euclidean":[38,49],"distance":[39,169],"between":[40],"true":[42,84],"positions":[43],"and":[44,55,104,112,123,161,181,195],"estimated":[46,80],"positions.":[47],"While":[48],"simple,":[51],"it":[52],"ignores":[53],"obstacles":[54],"floor":[56,91],"transitions.":[57],"In":[58],"article,":[60],"we":[61],"describe":[62],"that":[64,77,139],"measure":[65],"error":[68,162,204],"length":[72],"pedestrian":[75,152],"path":[76,153,158],"connects":[78],"position":[81,133],"to":[82,132,211],"position.":[85],"The":[86,126,164,198],"apply":[88],"pathfinding":[89],"maps":[92,103],"using":[93],"visibility":[94],"graphs":[95],"(VGs)":[96],"or":[97],"navigational":[98],"meshes":[99],"(NMs)":[100],"for":[101,108],"vector":[102],"fast":[105],"marching":[106],"(FM)":[107],"raster":[109],"maps.":[110],"Multifloor":[111],"multibuilding":[113],"paths":[114,175,187],"use":[115],"information":[117],"vertical":[119],"in-building":[120],"communication":[121],"ways":[122],"outdoor":[124],"paths.":[125],"proposed":[127],"measurement":[128],"are":[130,147],"applied":[131],"estimates":[134],"provided":[135],"by":[136],"IPSs":[138],"participated":[140],"in":[141,149],"EvAAL-ETRI":[143],"2015":[144],"competition.":[145],"Procedures":[146],"compared":[148],"terms":[150],"realism,":[154],"indoor":[155],"model":[156],"complexity,":[157],"computation":[159,179,193],"time,":[160],"magnitudes.":[163],"VGs":[165],"algorithm":[166],"computes":[167,183],"shortest":[168],"paths;":[170],"NMs":[171],"produce":[172],"very":[173],"similar":[174],"with":[176],"significantly":[177],"shorter":[178],"time;":[180],"FM":[182],"longer,":[184],"more":[185],"natural-looking":[186],"at":[188],"expense":[190],"longer":[192],"time":[194],"memory":[196],"size.":[197],"75th":[199],"percentile":[200],"measured":[203],"differs":[205],"among":[206],"methods":[208],"2.2":[210],"3.7":[212],"m":[213],"across":[214],"sets.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}