{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045439457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3008988","title":"Unauthorized Broadcasting Identification: A Deep LSTM Recurrent Learning Approach","display_name":"Unauthorized Broadcasting Identification: A Deep LSTM Recurrent Learning Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045439457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3008988","mag":"3045439457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3008988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3008988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067099360","display_name":"Jitong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jitong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-0035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944","https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103269144","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-0223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-0223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944","https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-8778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["SITU-UM Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-8778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SITU-UM Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054243209","display_name":"Tianshuang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-1120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshuang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-1120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944","https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067099360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97779211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"5981","last_page":"5983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.8031316995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590405344963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.7398988008499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6568446755409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.48519042134284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.473836749792099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3994215428829193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.35294216871261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3402496576309204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.8031316995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590405344963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.7398988008499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6568446755409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.48519042134284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.473836749792099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3994215428829193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.35294216871261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3402496576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3008988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3008988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3976864099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61172108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4553938768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G608981346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81241059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7446495709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61139001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048678619","https://openalex.org/W2560119283","https://openalex.org/W2597337081","https://openalex.org/W2608091654","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2883214511","https://openalex.org/W2889741439","https://openalex.org/W2947697862","https://openalex.org/W2961044345","https://openalex.org/W2987793235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354005007","https://openalex.org/W2885293340","https://openalex.org/W12663189","https://openalex.org/W2163533140","https://openalex.org/W3213067907","https://openalex.org/W2614434684","https://openalex.org/W2370150397","https://openalex.org/W2996532715","https://openalex.org/W4299558144","https://openalex.org/W1569027610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"broadcasting":[1,32,36,58,66,100,113,157,225,236],"plays":[2],"an":[3,108,222],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,75,101,116,210,248],"our":[7,139],"daily":[8],"life.":[9],"Meanwhile,":[10],"with":[11,46,63,228,238],"the":[12,17,64,70,98,154,160,171,176,183,199,218,234,242],"development":[13],"of":[14,19,30,72,144,156,245],"wireless":[15],"communications,":[16],"application":[18],"software-defined":[20],"radio":[21],"platforms":[22],"gives":[23],"rise":[24],"to":[25,93,149,166],"cheap":[26],"and":[27,49,54,67,82,95,110,135,191],"easy":[28],"design":[29],"illegal":[31],"stations.":[33],"These":[34,56],"unauthorized":[35,57,99,112,168,224,235],"stations":[37,59],"sometimes":[38],"illegally":[39],"occupy":[40],"licensed":[41,243],"frequency":[42,244],"band,":[43],"especially":[44,209],"associated":[45],"amateur":[47],"radios":[48],"unlicensed":[50],"personal":[51],"communication":[52],"devices":[53],"services.":[55],"may":[60],"severely":[61],"interfere":[62],"authorized":[65],"further":[68],"disrupt":[69],"management":[71],"spectrum":[73],"resource":[74],"civil":[76],"applications,":[77],"such":[78,186],"as":[79,187],"emergency":[80],"services":[81],"air":[83],"traffic":[84],"control.":[85],"However,":[86],"it":[87],"still":[88],"remains":[89],"a":[90,119,142,229],"challenging":[91],"task":[92],"automatically":[94],"effectively":[96,181],"identify":[97,233],"complicated":[102],"electromagnetic":[103,250],"environments.":[104,251],"Aiming":[105],"at":[106,241],"developing":[107],"intelligent":[109],"efficient":[111],"identification":[114,121,162,211,226],"system,":[115],"this":[117],"article,":[118],"novel":[120],"approach":[122,202],"is":[123,164],"proposed":[124,165,177,200,219],"based":[125],"on":[126],"long":[127],"short-term":[128],"memory":[129],"(LSTM)":[130],"recurrent":[131],"neural":[132],"network":[133,163],"(RNN),":[134],"LabVIEW":[136,145],"software.":[137],"In":[138],"approach,":[140],"first,":[141],"series":[143],"applications":[146],"are":[147],"developed":[148],"drive":[150],"USRP":[151],"2930s":[152],"for":[153],"acquisition":[155],"signals.":[158],"Then,":[159],"LSTM":[161,178],"recognize":[167],"broadcasting.":[169],"Through":[170],"special":[172],"gate":[173],"structure":[174],"inside,":[175],"framework":[179],"can":[180],"extract":[182],"distinguishing":[184],"features,":[185],"channel":[188],"state":[189],"information":[190],"RF":[192],"device":[193],"fingerprinting.":[194],"Simulation":[195],"results":[196,214],"show":[197],"that":[198,217],"LSTM-based":[201],"perform":[203],"better":[204],"than":[205],"other":[206],"contrastive":[207],"methods,":[208],"accuracy.":[212],"Implementation":[213],"also":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"method":[220],"has":[221],"outstanding":[223],"performance":[227],"high":[230],"accuracy,":[231],"i.e.,":[232],"signals":[237],"99.83%":[239],"accuracy":[240],"107.8":[246],"MHz,":[247],"realistic":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}