{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040856321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3007907","title":"An Algorithm to Minimize the Zero-Flow Error in Transit-Time Ultrasonic Flowmeters","display_name":"An Algorithm to Minimize the Zero-Flow Error in Transit-Time Ultrasonic Flowmeters","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040856321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3007907","mag":"3040856321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3007907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3007907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002531520","display_name":"Douwe M. van Willigen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2297-4370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douwe M. van Willigen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2297-4370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084775886","display_name":"P.L.M.J. van Neer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-4374"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul L. M. J. van Neer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acoustics and Sonar, The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-4374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acoustics and Sonar, The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030568925","display_name":"Jack Massaad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-1206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Massaad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-1206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111905753","display_name":"Nico de Jong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico de Jong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-0099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015661248","display_name":"Martin D. Verweij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-7218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin D. Verweij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-7218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019433498","display_name":"Michiel A. P. Pertijs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-4374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michiel A. P. Pertijs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-4374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80917951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6953966021537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6246621012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.5803155899047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-flow-meter","display_name":"Ultrasonic flow meter","score":0.5465235710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-measurement","display_name":"Flow measurement","score":0.504088282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5031344294548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-crossing","display_name":"Zero crossing","score":0.4605056941509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.41245341300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4059486389160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3518145680427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2969633936882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2368336021900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20844176411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14528590440750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10444900393486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.09949624538421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09681731462478638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6953966021537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6246621012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5803155899047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63066824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165466","display_name":"Ultrasonic flow meter","level":3,"score":0.5465235710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16302685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow measurement","level":2,"score":0.504088282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5031344294548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120415902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462383","display_name":"Zero crossing","level":3,"score":0.4605056941509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.41245341300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4059486389160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3518145680427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2969633936882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2368336021900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20844176411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14528590440750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10444900393486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09949624538421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09681731462478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3007907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3007907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:c41e0155-fe64-475e-9d3c-d6cd9fc56fe9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c41e0155-fe64-475e-9d3c-d6cd9fc56fe9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5348246835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","funder_display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","ror":"https://ror.org/057tq3593"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007216798","https://openalex.org/W2062892252","https://openalex.org/W2071172826","https://openalex.org/W2075460207","https://openalex.org/W2079052755","https://openalex.org/W2092467908","https://openalex.org/W2111605407","https://openalex.org/W2127612466","https://openalex.org/W2129862217","https://openalex.org/W2142884115","https://openalex.org/W2158576013","https://openalex.org/W2166762412","https://openalex.org/W2167634212","https://openalex.org/W2466233863","https://openalex.org/W2607503265","https://openalex.org/W2735535128","https://openalex.org/W2893290992","https://openalex.org/W2906818142","https://openalex.org/W4244482249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371824631","https://openalex.org/W2388004413","https://openalex.org/W2351040364","https://openalex.org/W2354654388","https://openalex.org/W2350425252","https://openalex.org/W2005252818","https://openalex.org/W1980472340","https://openalex.org/W2319364666","https://openalex.org/W3094655656","https://openalex.org/W1760640527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transit-time":[0],"ultrasonic":[1,14,99],"flowmeters":[2,15],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6],"industry":[7],"to":[8,29,40,70],"measure":[9],"fluid":[10],"flow.":[11],"In":[12],"practice,":[13],"either":[16],"show":[17],"a":[18,24,30,35,47,75,112],"zero-flow":[19,52,72,120],"error":[20,27,53,58,121,130],"or":[21,131],"suffer":[22],"from":[23],"significant":[25,36],"random":[26,57,129],"due":[28],"limited":[31],"signal-to-noise":[32],"ratio,":[33],"requiring":[34],"amount":[37],"of":[38,61,84,88],"averaging":[39],"achieve":[41],"good":[42],"precision.":[43],"This":[44],"work":[45],"presents":[46],"method":[48],"that":[49,118],"minimizes":[50],"the":[51,56,62,82,90,95,119,128],"while":[54,74],"keeping":[55],"low,":[59],"independent":[60],"hardware":[63],"used.":[64],"The":[65,79,106],"proposed":[66],"algorithm":[67,107],"can":[68,122],"adjust":[69],"changing":[71],"errors,":[73],"flow":[76,113],"is":[77,108,116],"present.":[78],"technique":[80],"combines":[81],"benefits":[83],"two":[85],"common":[86],"methods":[87],"determining":[89],"transit":[91],"time":[92],"difference":[93],"between":[94],"upstream":[96],"and":[97,103],"downstream":[98],"waves:":[100],"cross":[101],"correlation":[102],"zero-crossing":[104],"detection.":[105],"verified":[109],"experimentally":[110],"using":[111],"loop.":[114],"It":[115],"shown":[117],"be":[123],"greatly":[124],"reduced":[125],"without":[126],"compromising":[127],"increasing":[132],"circuit":[133],"complexity.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
