{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037123649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3004678","title":"Comparison Between Graphene and GaAs Quantized Hall Devices With a Dual Probe","display_name":"Comparison Between Graphene and GaAs Quantized Hall Devices With a Dual Probe","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037123649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3004678","mag":"3037123649","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33335334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3004678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3004678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7739376","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082719299","display_name":"Shamith U. Payagala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-8765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamith U. Payagala","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-8765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039812989","display_name":"Albert F. Rigosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-3829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert F. Rigosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-3829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075794046","display_name":"Alireza R. Panna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-2112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza R. Panna","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-2112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015821500","display_name":"Alessio Pollarolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-9289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35445894","display_name":"Prescott College","ror":"https://ror.org/05crd7855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35445894"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Pollarolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, Ontario, K0E 1T0, Canada","Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-9289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, Ontario, K0E 1T0, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35445894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075471824","display_name":"Mattias Kruskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattias Kruskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig 38116, Germany","Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-3157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig 38116, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073846453","display_name":"Stephan Schlamminger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-4018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Schlamminger","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-4018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043286311","display_name":"Dean G. Jarrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1392-423X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean G. Jarrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1392-423X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091779482","display_name":"R. Roderick Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-9085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35445894","display_name":"Prescott College","ror":"https://ror.org/05crd7855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35445894"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, Ontario, K0E 1T0, Canada","Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-9085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, Ontario, K0E 1T0, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35445894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078951512","display_name":"Randolph E. Elmquist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-7966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph E. Elmquist","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-7966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015487313","display_name":"D.E. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35445894","display_name":"Prescott College","ror":"https://ror.org/05crd7855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35445894"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duane Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, Ontario, K0E 1T0, Canada","Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-1505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, Ontario, K0E 1T0, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35445894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurements International, Ltd., Prescott, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006474578","display_name":"David B. Newell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-1172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-1172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49624371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"12","first_page":"9374","last_page":"9380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.8161134719848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8055160045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene","display_name":"Graphene","score":0.8043826818466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6136384010314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-hall-effect","display_name":"Quantum Hall effect","score":0.541366457939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5069361329078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.370914101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.35389405488967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.34589651226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2767059803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.27084773778915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2306470274925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19448402523994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.10222676396369934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.8161134719848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8055160045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.8043826818466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6136384010314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200369452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047822","display_name":"Quantum Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.541366457939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5069361329078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.370914101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.35389405488967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.34589651226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2767059803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.27084773778915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2306470274925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19448402523994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.10222676396369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3004678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3004678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33335334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33335334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7739376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7739376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7739376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7739376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763853494","https://openalex.org/W1965647794","https://openalex.org/W1972698568","https://openalex.org/W1978515977","https://openalex.org/W1981424798","https://openalex.org/W2061339042","https://openalex.org/W2122131294","https://openalex.org/W2126794874","https://openalex.org/W2129706268","https://openalex.org/W2132550532","https://openalex.org/W2134421678","https://openalex.org/W2178199459","https://openalex.org/W2178646263","https://openalex.org/W2191560045","https://openalex.org/W2414663613","https://openalex.org/W2513188357","https://openalex.org/W2550995094","https://openalex.org/W2620094837","https://openalex.org/W2784586728","https://openalex.org/W2803150708","https://openalex.org/W2895135279","https://openalex.org/W2898272911","https://openalex.org/W2903925402","https://openalex.org/W2904456028","https://openalex.org/W2951967509","https://openalex.org/W2962904650","https://openalex.org/W2963911657","https://openalex.org/W2966259597","https://openalex.org/W2968686119","https://openalex.org/W2985226355","https://openalex.org/W3009957092","https://openalex.org/W3098787821","https://openalex.org/W3101164590","https://openalex.org/W3103554303","https://openalex.org/W3105068220","https://openalex.org/W3105973609","https://openalex.org/W3106464298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106922437","https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2606452130","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W2539884462","https://openalex.org/W2735628018","https://openalex.org/W2050399681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"graphene":[1,81,116],"quantized":[2],"Hall":[3],"resistance":[4,97],"(QHR)":[5],"device":[6,25,82],"fabricated":[7,26],"at":[8],"the":[9,28,80,112,118,124],"National":[10,29],"Institute":[11],"of":[12,32,79,109,126],"Standards":[13],"and":[14,115],"Technology,":[15],"Gaithersburg,":[16],"MD,":[17],"USA,":[18],"was":[19,62],"measured":[20],"alongside":[21],"a":[22,41,46,56,69,102],"GaAs":[23],"QHR":[24],"by":[27,37],"Research":[30],"Council":[31],"Canada,":[33,36],"Ottawa,":[34],"ON,":[35],"comparing":[38],"them":[39],"to":[40],"1-k\u03a9":[42],"standard":[43],"resistor":[44],"using":[45],"cryogenic":[47],"current":[48],"comparator.":[49],"The":[50,75],"two":[51,107],"devices":[52],"were":[53],"mounted":[54],"in":[55],"custom":[57],"developed":[58],"dual":[59],"probe":[60,104],"that":[61,95,121],"then":[63],"assessed":[64],"for":[65,72,106],"its":[66],"viability":[67],"as":[68],"suitable":[70],"apparatus":[71],"precision":[73],"measurements.":[74],"charge":[76],"carrier":[77],"density":[78],"exhibited":[83],"controllable":[84],"tunability":[85],"when":[86],"annealed":[87],"after":[88],"Cr(CO)3functionalization.":[89],"These":[90],"initial":[91],"measurement":[92],"results":[93],"suggest":[94],"making":[96],"comparisons":[98],"is":[99],"possible":[100],"with":[101],"single-":[103],"wired":[105],"types":[108],"quantum":[110],"standards-GaAs,":[111],"established":[113],"material,":[114],"-":[117],"newer":[119],"material":[120],"may":[122],"promote":[123],"development":[125],"more":[127],"user-friendly":[128],"equipment.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
