{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015650228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2986108","title":"An Aperture Efficiency Approach for Optimization of FSS-Based Sensor Resolution","display_name":"An Aperture Efficiency Approach for Optimization of FSS-Based Sensor Resolution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015650228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2986108","mag":"3015650228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.2986108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2986108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102887526","display_name":"Mahboobeh Mahmoodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-391X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahboobeh Mahmoodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mixed Signal Systems Team, Qualcomm, San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-391X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mixed Signal Systems Team, Qualcomm, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051364287","display_name":"Lia VanZant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lia VanZant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microwave Sensing (\u03bcSense) Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-3185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microwave Sensing (\u03bcSense) Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066941650","display_name":"Kristen M. Donnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen M. Donnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microwave Sensing (\u03bcSense) Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-5484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microwave Sensing (\u03bcSense) Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98713268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"10","first_page":"7837","last_page":"7845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.6826009750366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.6646019220352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5485925078392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4507552981376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4464949667453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40167611837387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38796836137771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.38035184144973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34174448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3225424587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22024238109588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17886635661125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0805237889289856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.6826009750366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.6646019220352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5485925078392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4507552981376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4464949667453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40167611837387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38796836137771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.38035184144973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34174448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3225424587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22024238109588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17886635661125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0805237889289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.2986108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2986108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W589820874","https://openalex.org/W599415259","https://openalex.org/W1598904345","https://openalex.org/W1634951296","https://openalex.org/W1647572132","https://openalex.org/W1970844610","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W1987279599","https://openalex.org/W2064918877","https://openalex.org/W2069872473","https://openalex.org/W2082606337","https://openalex.org/W2102031046","https://openalex.org/W2120808926","https://openalex.org/W2129749742","https://openalex.org/W2489471512","https://openalex.org/W2506948769","https://openalex.org/W2608237022","https://openalex.org/W2766539468","https://openalex.org/W2766843386","https://openalex.org/W2769890121","https://openalex.org/W2846056291","https://openalex.org/W2910663509","https://openalex.org/W3154639660","https://openalex.org/W4214749394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330537534","https://openalex.org/W2368534554","https://openalex.org/W2148469257","https://openalex.org/W2999244305","https://openalex.org/W2168827721","https://openalex.org/W2094506573","https://openalex.org/W4249517016","https://openalex.org/W2730343163","https://openalex.org/W2031194604","https://openalex.org/W2890464800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency-selective":[0],"surfaces":[1],"(FSSs)":[2],"are":[3,223],"periodic":[4],"arrays":[5],"of":[6,28,55,70,107,120,133,210,231,241],"conductive":[7],"elements,":[8],"and":[9,30,39,191],"when":[10,45],"illuminated":[11,50,95],"by":[12,159],"electromagnetic":[13],"energy,":[14],"they":[15],"have":[16,33],"a":[17,24,104,174,183,211],"specific":[18,105],"frequency":[19],"response.":[20],"FSS-based":[21],"sensing":[22],"is":[23,49,58,73,116,155,180,214],"relatively":[25],"new":[26],"application":[27],"FSSs,":[29],"such":[31],"sensors":[32],"shown":[34],"promise":[35],"for":[36,97,173],"crack":[37],"detection":[38],"strain":[40],"sensing,":[41],"among":[42],"others.":[43],"Generally,":[44],"an":[46,113,146,165],"FSS":[47,63,77,114,186],"sensor":[48,57,72,92,115,122,128,143,162,167,200,221,235],"in":[51,131,137],"full,":[52],"the":[53,56,61,68,71,76,88,91,98,108,127,134,141,151,161,189,207,226,233,238],"response":[54,99],"related":[59,102],"to":[60,75,86,100,103,118,125,139,182],"entire":[62],"landscape.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,80,111],"way,":[67],"resolution":[69,240],"equal":[74],"dimensions.":[78],"However,":[79],"limits":[81],"localized":[82],"sensing.":[83],"As":[84,157],"such,":[85,158],"improve":[87],"achievable":[89],"resolution,":[90],"must":[93],"be":[94,101,171,204],"locally":[96],"region":[106],"sensor.":[109],"Under":[110],"approach,":[112],"considered":[117,224],"consist":[119],"many":[121],"cells.":[123],"Therefore,":[124],"quantify":[126],"cell":[129,144,163,168,201,236],"efficiency":[130,154,209],"terms":[132],"illuminating":[135,176],"footprint":[136,213],"order":[138],"obtain":[140],"optimum":[142,166],"size,":[145],"analysis":[147],"approach":[148,179],"based":[149],"on":[150],"reflectarray":[152],"aperture":[153],"used.":[156],"maximizing":[160],"efficiency,":[164,230],"size":[169],"can":[170,203],"determined":[172,205],"given":[175,212],"footprint.":[177],"This":[178],"applied":[181],"grounded":[184],"square-loop-based":[185],"sensor,":[187],"with":[188,225],"simulation":[190],"measurement":[192],"results":[193,196],"provided.":[194],"The":[195],"indicate":[197],"that":[198],"optimal":[199],"dimensions":[202],"where":[206],"total":[208,229],"maximized.":[215],"To":[216],"support":[217],"this,":[218],"three":[219],"different":[220],"cells":[222],"same":[227],"maximum":[228],"which":[232],"smallest":[234],"gives":[237],"highest":[239],"~3":[242],"cm":[243],"\u00d7":[244],"3":[245],"cm.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}