{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010167363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2977793","title":"Design and Development of Smartphone-Enabled Spirometer With a Disease Classification System Using Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Design and Development of Smartphone-Enabled Spirometer With a Disease Classification System Using Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010167363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2977793","mag":"3010167363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.2977793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2977793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057090591","display_name":"Sudipto Trivedy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudipto Trivedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016074316","display_name":"Manish Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-2360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117092","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar","ror":"https://ror.org/029mnbn96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117092"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041561427","display_name":"Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-2417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117092","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar","ror":"https://ror.org/029mnbn96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117092"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasanta R. Mohapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080264301","display_name":"Anirban Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8463-4347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9146181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"7125","last_page":"7135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirometer","display_name":"Spirometer","score":0.8702245950698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirometry","display_name":"Spirometry","score":0.7363846898078918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7103703618049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6575523614883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6236276030540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5378981828689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-function-testing","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","score":0.49825501441955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4506058692932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vital-capacity","display_name":"Vital capacity","score":0.44206884503364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"Asthma","score":0.4172128140926361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41699254512786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4122607111930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3333415389060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"Lung function","score":0.17618399858474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"Lung","score":0.17590954899787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.10135155916213989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776727875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344868","display_name":"Spirometer","level":5,"score":0.8702245950698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.7363846898078918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7103703618049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6575523614883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6236276030540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5378981828689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.49825501441955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4506058692932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55520419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660995","display_name":"Vital capacity","level":5,"score":0.44206884503364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.4172128140926361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41699254512786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4122607111930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3333415389060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung function","level":3,"score":0.17618399858474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.17590954899787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10135155916213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165637977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067835","display_name":"Diffusing capacity","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781142857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420174","display_name":"Exhaled nitric oxide","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.2977793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2977793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584109761","https://openalex.org/W1897657709","https://openalex.org/W1990755053","https://openalex.org/W1991585210","https://openalex.org/W2017549853","https://openalex.org/W2023047422","https://openalex.org/W2032211925","https://openalex.org/W2050294065","https://openalex.org/W2054992527","https://openalex.org/W2058176623","https://openalex.org/W2069346768","https://openalex.org/W2086463634","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2105365723","https://openalex.org/W2125078269","https://openalex.org/W2126423656","https://openalex.org/W2135112559","https://openalex.org/W2137183394","https://openalex.org/W2295783510","https://openalex.org/W2478417379","https://openalex.org/W2550986448","https://openalex.org/W2591904990","https://openalex.org/W2598525681","https://openalex.org/W2619990427","https://openalex.org/W2621205740","https://openalex.org/W2788805965","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2804061829","https://openalex.org/W2885127939","https://openalex.org/W2888970473","https://openalex.org/W2894170005","https://openalex.org/W2897048111","https://openalex.org/W2898951443","https://openalex.org/W2901268286","https://openalex.org/W2903746889","https://openalex.org/W2920714358","https://openalex.org/W2922660557","https://openalex.org/W2942496699","https://openalex.org/W2947555664","https://openalex.org/W2949908750","https://openalex.org/W2953447935","https://openalex.org/W2956566815","https://openalex.org/W2971407654","https://openalex.org/W4243029414","https://openalex.org/W6749825310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2415759160","https://openalex.org/W2906221010","https://openalex.org/W1931560784","https://openalex.org/W4323045675","https://openalex.org/W2463591597","https://openalex.org/W2151202405","https://openalex.org/W2222945420","https://openalex.org/W2472336533","https://openalex.org/W2554230740","https://openalex.org/W1972435338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spirometry":[0],"is":[1],"one":[2],"of":[3,7,14,40,54,80,122,154],"the":[4,12,26,38,70,76,94,98,111,114,148],"most":[5],"basic":[6],"pulmonary":[8,48],"function":[9],"tests,":[10],"and":[11,29,50,58,78,113,138],"measurements":[13],"this":[15],"test,":[16],"such":[17,44,129],"as":[18,45,130],"forced":[19,22],"vital":[20],"capacity,":[21],"expiratory":[23,31],"volume":[24],"in":[25,37,110,147],"first":[27],"second,":[28],"peak":[30],"flow,":[32],"play":[33],"an":[34,87,120],"important":[35],"role":[36],"diagnosis":[39],"obstructive":[41,47],"lung":[42,67],"diseases,":[43],"chronic":[46],"disease":[49,89],"asthma.":[51],"The":[52,102,141],"lack":[53],"point-of-care,":[55],"primary":[56],"care,":[57],"personalized":[59],"applications":[60],"prohibits":[61],"individuals":[62],"from":[63],"monitoring":[64],"their":[65],"own":[66],"conditions":[68],"beyond":[69],"hospital":[71],"visit.":[72],"This":[73],"article":[74],"presents":[75],"design":[77],"development":[79],"a":[81],"low-cost,":[82],"portable,":[83],"smartphone-enabled":[84],"spirometer":[85],"with":[86,119],"automatic":[88],"classification":[90,103,127,153],"system":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"spirometric":[95],"signal":[96],"using":[97,107],"convolutional":[99],"neural":[100],"network.":[101],"model":[104,116,143],"was":[105,117],"trained":[106],"data,":[108],"stored":[109],"device,":[112],"best":[115],"extracted":[118],"accuracy":[121],"98.98%,":[123],"which":[124],"outperforms":[125],"other":[126],"models,":[128],"long":[131],"short-term":[132],"memory":[133],"network,":[134,137],"deep":[135],"belief":[136],"stacked":[139],"autoencoder.":[140],"pretrained":[142],"has":[144],"been":[145],"imported":[146],"smartphone":[149],"device":[150],"for":[151],"real-time":[152],"spirometry.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}