{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002602243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2967877","title":"A Multimodal Deep Learning-Based Distributed Network Latency Measurement System","display_name":"A Multimodal Deep Learning-Based Distributed Network Latency Measurement System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002602243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2967877","mag":"3002602243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.2967877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2967877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010635407","display_name":"Shady Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-1712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shady A. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environment Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-1712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environment Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044422170","display_name":"Shervin Shirmohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-4445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shervin Shirmohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environment Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-4445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environment Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074913185","display_name":"Sa\u2019di Altamimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sa'di Altamimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environment Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-8170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environment Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010635407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89283696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"5","first_page":"2487","last_page":"2494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.761523425579071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6864942312240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5202001929283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4361454248428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4200465679168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39006850123405457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761523425579071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6864942312240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5202001929283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4361454248428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4200465679168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39006850123405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2020.2967877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2967877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486241112","https://openalex.org/W1898275944","https://openalex.org/W1987196661","https://openalex.org/W1996497509","https://openalex.org/W2066636486","https://openalex.org/W2076554482","https://openalex.org/W2099114625","https://openalex.org/W2117897639","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2118862682","https://openalex.org/W2125317488","https://openalex.org/W2130384722","https://openalex.org/W2132051999","https://openalex.org/W2132212948","https://openalex.org/W2137033465","https://openalex.org/W2156323105","https://openalex.org/W2157103490","https://openalex.org/W2159692093","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2170063609","https://openalex.org/W2170756028","https://openalex.org/W2343052201","https://openalex.org/W2535315879","https://openalex.org/W2541414168","https://openalex.org/W2546919788","https://openalex.org/W2547763301","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2744129105","https://openalex.org/W2790294742","https://openalex.org/W2793255553","https://openalex.org/W2972471454","https://openalex.org/W2986796555","https://openalex.org/W4241257019","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6683252212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517908938","https://openalex.org/W2391251536","https://openalex.org/W2362198218","https://openalex.org/W1982750869","https://openalex.org/W2049261842","https://openalex.org/W2019521278","https://openalex.org/W1984922432","https://openalex.org/W2375008505","https://openalex.org/W2954284861","https://openalex.org/W3036465205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"latency":[1,22,86,137],"plays":[2],"an":[3,200],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,79],"the":[7,17,56,72,101,166,173,192,208],"server-selection":[8],"process":[9],"as":[10,12,67,69,116],"well":[11,68],"real-time":[13],"applications.":[14],"Depending":[15],"on":[16,90],"network":[18,21,44,85,107,136],"system":[19,144,160],"size,":[20],"can":[23,37],"be":[24,38],"either":[25],"explicitly":[26],"measured":[27],"or":[28,122],"predicted.":[29],"While":[30],"for":[31,51,75,151],"small-scale":[32],"systems":[33],"explicit":[34],"delay":[35],"measurements":[36,98,174,209],"performed":[39],"between":[40],"any":[41],"pair":[42],"of":[43,95,103,124,134,175,197,203,207],"nodes,":[45],"this":[46,127],"method":[47,133],"is":[48,88,161],"not":[49],"feasible":[50],"large-scale":[52,80,135,178],"networks":[53],"due":[54],"to":[55],"tremendous":[57],"traffic":[58],"and":[59,99,154,163,199,205],"processing":[60],"overhead.":[61],"As":[62],"a":[63,92,131,146,176],"result,":[64],"networking":[65],"companies":[66],"researchers":[70],"use":[71],"estimation":[73,87,138,213],"methods":[74],"round-trip":[76],"time":[77],"(RTT)":[78],"networks.":[81],"In":[82,126],"such":[83,115],"methods,":[84],"based":[89],"performing":[91],"small":[93],"set":[94,170],"actual":[96],"RTT":[97],"predicting":[100],"rest":[102],"latencies":[104],"among":[105],"all":[106],"nodes.":[108],"However,":[109],"they":[110],"suffer":[111],"from":[112,172],"several":[113],"drawbacks":[114],"poor":[117],"performance,":[118],"long":[119],"convergence":[120],"duration,":[121],"lack":[123],"convergence.":[125],"article,":[128],"we":[129],"present":[130],"novel":[132],"using":[139,165],"artificial":[140],"intelligence":[141],"(AI).":[142],"Our":[143],"uses":[145],"multimodal":[147],"deep":[148],"learning":[149],"algorithm":[150],"high":[152],"accuracy":[153,202],"computing":[155],"speed.":[156],"The":[157],"proposed":[158,185],"AI-based":[159],"trained":[162],"evaluated":[164],"well-known":[167],"KING":[168],"data":[169],"derived":[171],"real":[177],"network.":[179],"Performance":[180],"evaluations":[181],"show":[182],"that":[183],"our":[184],"approach":[186],"significantly":[187],"outperform":[188],"existing":[189],"techniques,":[190],"achieving":[191],"90th":[193],"percentile":[194],"relative":[195],"error":[196],"0.25":[198],"average":[201],"96.1%,":[204],"76.4%":[206],"are":[210],"within":[211],"20%":[212],"error.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
