{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993965105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2957867","title":"Noise in an FM-Converted Self-Mixing Interferometer","display_name":"Noise in an FM-Converted Self-Mixing Interferometer","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993965105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2957867","mag":"2993965105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2957867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2957867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1146527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058571469","display_name":"Michele Norgia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Norgia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-1527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005103129","display_name":"V\u00edctor Contreras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Contreras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-7193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029389811","display_name":"Silvano Donati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-0194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvano Donati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-0194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70236792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"5100","last_page":"5106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10913","display_name":"Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6898010969161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6729950308799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6618940830230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6242671012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.591286301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","score":0.5732307434082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.5637326240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5312818288803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.4855232238769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4129735231399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.32431232929229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1701439917087555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13383951783180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.13088193535804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1261393427848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07971739768981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.059586167335510254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6898010969161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6729950308799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6618940830230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6242671012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.591286301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5732307434082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.5637326240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5312818288803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.4855232238769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4129735231399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32431232929229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1701439917087555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13383951783180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.13088193535804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1261393427848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07971739768981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.059586167335510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2957867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2957867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1146527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1146527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1146527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1146527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1429826346","https://openalex.org/W1486001391","https://openalex.org/W1963850140","https://openalex.org/W1972255196","https://openalex.org/W1975395978","https://openalex.org/W1978553330","https://openalex.org/W1982135490","https://openalex.org/W1993529633","https://openalex.org/W1999300604","https://openalex.org/W2003868017","https://openalex.org/W2006785999","https://openalex.org/W2018934680","https://openalex.org/W2038024689","https://openalex.org/W2051948525","https://openalex.org/W2063374728","https://openalex.org/W2095932446","https://openalex.org/W2096119105","https://openalex.org/W2116479050","https://openalex.org/W2121293740","https://openalex.org/W2146675116","https://openalex.org/W2152119845","https://openalex.org/W2167397268","https://openalex.org/W2181353653","https://openalex.org/W2200387804","https://openalex.org/W2496739225","https://openalex.org/W2743769448","https://openalex.org/W2748273794","https://openalex.org/W2753179494","https://openalex.org/W2792860856","https://openalex.org/W4242458911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162174235","https://openalex.org/W4387474130","https://openalex.org/W2004723848","https://openalex.org/W2086788376","https://openalex.org/W2093157008","https://openalex.org/W1518527075","https://openalex.org/W2143773860","https://openalex.org/W2054254129","https://openalex.org/W2068642629","https://openalex.org/W2012415775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,59],"measure":[1],"the":[2,5,17,37,62,68,79],"noise":[3,25,66],"of":[4,20,23,53,65,87],"converted":[6],"frequency-modulated":[7],"(cFM)":[8],"signal":[9],"in":[10,50],"a":[11,21,43],"self-mixing":[12],"interferometer":[13],"(SMI)":[14],"and":[15,55],"confirm":[16],"theoretical":[18],"prediction":[19],"dependence":[22,64],"rms":[24],"from":[26,67],"(1":[27],"+":[28,72],"C)":[29],"<sup":[30],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[31],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-1</sup>":[32],",":[33],"where":[34],"C":[35,47],"is":[36],"Acket":[38],"feedback":[39,57],"factor,":[40],"up":[41],"to":[42,93],"high":[44],"value":[45],"(i.e.,":[46],"=":[48],"30)":[49],"region":[51],"III":[52],"Tkach":[54],"Chraplyvy":[56],"diagram.":[58],"also":[60],"verify":[61],"minor":[63],"phase":[69],"factor":[70],"2ks":[71],"atan":[73],"\u03b1.":[74],"Finally,":[75],"we":[76],"show":[77],"that":[78],"cFM":[80],"SMI":[81],"easily":[82],"attains":[83],"an":[84],"unprecedented":[85],"limit":[86],"small-signal":[88],"detection,":[89],"with":[90],"amplitudes":[91],"down":[92],"0.25":[94],"pm/\u221aHz.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}