{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956231845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2926878","title":"Laser Cladding Quality Monitoring Using Coaxial Image Based on Machine Learning","display_name":"Laser Cladding Quality Monitoring Using Coaxial Image Based on Machine Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956231845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2926878","mag":"2956231845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2926878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2926878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073679391","display_name":"I-Hsi Kao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Hsi Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038102256","display_name":"Ya-Wen Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1112-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Wen Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102856253","display_name":"Yi Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Horng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010616886","display_name":"Jau\u2010Woei Perng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-8845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jau-Woei Perng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-8845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83200106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"2868","last_page":"2880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.6694363355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial","display_name":"Coaxial","score":0.6553446054458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6370541453361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6268429756164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5129846930503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5084323287010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5001711845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.48066890239715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.47462570667266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.43890896439552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41896364092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15821996331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.10896947979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.07348927855491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06574109196662903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.6694363355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51221625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751466","display_name":"Coaxial","level":2,"score":0.6553446054458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370541453361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6268429756164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5129846930503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5084323287010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5001711845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.48066890239715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.47462570667266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.43890896439552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41896364092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15821996331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.10896947979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.07348927855491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06574109196662903}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2926878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2926878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4560778334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-2218-E-110-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1971659395","https://openalex.org/W1985315692","https://openalex.org/W1988195734","https://openalex.org/W1994638318","https://openalex.org/W1995906115","https://openalex.org/W1996659192","https://openalex.org/W2013039010","https://openalex.org/W2019008260","https://openalex.org/W2039710878","https://openalex.org/W2041406732","https://openalex.org/W2059665651","https://openalex.org/W2081069811","https://openalex.org/W2085678466","https://openalex.org/W2087816063","https://openalex.org/W2095332799","https://openalex.org/W2100002341","https://openalex.org/W2141125801","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2161548576","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167742641","https://openalex.org/W2168013545","https://openalex.org/W2263083964","https://openalex.org/W2394055372","https://openalex.org/W2426723127","https://openalex.org/W2516069610","https://openalex.org/W2572569838","https://openalex.org/W2574831037","https://openalex.org/W2590932447","https://openalex.org/W2595657631","https://openalex.org/W2595750449","https://openalex.org/W2603304445","https://openalex.org/W2615058343","https://openalex.org/W2617818785","https://openalex.org/W2619304139","https://openalex.org/W2726448631","https://openalex.org/W2760277448","https://openalex.org/W2766022917","https://openalex.org/W2772386856","https://openalex.org/W2774231091","https://openalex.org/W2783760658","https://openalex.org/W2789305678","https://openalex.org/W2791139105","https://openalex.org/W2796096089","https://openalex.org/W2803595004","https://openalex.org/W2810057162","https://openalex.org/W2883495697","https://openalex.org/W2884609870","https://openalex.org/W2895879514","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2981430553","https://openalex.org/W3023058184","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4232048063","https://openalex.org/W4298082496","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6674813771","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684683940","https://openalex.org/W6769176461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2980176872","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W2249953602","https://openalex.org/W2131169870","https://openalex.org/W3014136459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,77,126,142],"processing":[1,37,44,75,155,171],"quality":[2,23,45,156,172],"of":[3,9,17,24,46,54,70,139,173],"laser":[4,12,26,47,74,154,174],"cladding":[5,48],"is":[6,49,148],"a":[7,62,68,83,150],"topic":[8],"interest":[10],"to":[11,33,51,66],"machine":[13,27,63,85,92],"manufacturers.":[14],"management":[16],"various":[18,91],"experimental":[19,143],"data":[20],"and":[21,73,98,116,131,157,161],"process":[22],"the":[25,31,36,43,52,55,105,132,136,153,158,162,170],"can":[28,167],"effectively":[29,168],"guide":[30],"customer":[32],"better":[34],"adjust":[35],"parameters.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40,60,78,166],"finds":[41],"that":[42,146],"related":[50],"signal":[53],"coaxial":[56,71,159],"image.":[57],"Therefore,":[58],"this":[59,140,165],"uses":[61],"learning":[64,86,93],"method":[65,87],"establish":[67],"model":[69],"image":[72],"quality.":[76],"does":[79],"not":[80],"merely":[81],"implement":[82],"single":[84],"but":[88],"also":[89],"compares":[90],"algorithms.":[94],"Convolutional":[95],"neural":[96,118],"networks":[97,119],"autoencoders":[99],"are":[100,120,135],"implemented":[101,121],"as":[102,122],"algorithms":[103,123],"for":[104,124],"feature":[106],"extraction":[107],"phase.":[108],"Linear":[109],"regression,":[110],"random":[111],"forest,":[112],"support":[113],"vector":[114],"machine,":[115],"SoftMax":[117],"classification.":[125],"receiver":[127],"operating":[128],"characteristic":[129],"curve":[130],"accuracy":[133],"rate":[134],"result":[137],"indicators":[138],"paper.":[141],"results":[144],"show":[145],"there":[147],"indeed":[149],"correlation":[151],"between":[152],"image,":[160],"algorithm":[163],"in":[164],"supervise":[169],"cladding.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}