{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943451223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2913730","title":"An Improved Calibration Method for the Measurement of Space Charge Inside Insulating Materials","display_name":"An Improved Calibration Method for the Measurement of Space Charge Inside Insulating Materials","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943451223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2913730","mag":"2943451223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2913730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2913730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056745194","display_name":"Hanwen Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanwen Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-4413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070766249","display_name":"Qingmin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingmin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001115381","display_name":"Zhongdong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongdong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056745194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73004606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"1652","last_page":"1663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.7183071374893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-charge","display_name":"Space charge","score":0.7090764045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.6470704674720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6429355144500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6011383533477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.579046368598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.5153121948242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5119200944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.48209407925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4665144681930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.46295008063316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line","display_name":"Transmission line","score":0.4466271698474884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34980905055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3464411199092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29175570607185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18305206298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17208856344223022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7183071374893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103132145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669228","display_name":"Space charge","level":3,"score":0.7090764045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6470704674720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6429355144500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6011383533477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.579046368598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.5153121948242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5119200944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.48209407925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4665144681930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.46295008063316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.4466271698474884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34980905055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3464411199092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29175570607185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18305206298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17208856344223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2913730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2913730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G103977146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51628701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2325876500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019QN113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7202348389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51477051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895618810","https://openalex.org/W1965891299","https://openalex.org/W1975335451","https://openalex.org/W1983319464","https://openalex.org/W1984493074","https://openalex.org/W1989491224","https://openalex.org/W1994697089","https://openalex.org/W2035477071","https://openalex.org/W2057758333","https://openalex.org/W2062733762","https://openalex.org/W2063242984","https://openalex.org/W2077702511","https://openalex.org/W2081096306","https://openalex.org/W2108679701","https://openalex.org/W2115249577","https://openalex.org/W2126743533","https://openalex.org/W2133257220","https://openalex.org/W2163679046","https://openalex.org/W2169551873","https://openalex.org/W2184039848","https://openalex.org/W2203575220","https://openalex.org/W2340996099","https://openalex.org/W2508678816","https://openalex.org/W2510341872","https://openalex.org/W2516049380","https://openalex.org/W2525369894","https://openalex.org/W2549061130","https://openalex.org/W2731466554","https://openalex.org/W2734595295","https://openalex.org/W2774669537","https://openalex.org/W2798812880","https://openalex.org/W2809822582","https://openalex.org/W2810840825","https://openalex.org/W6647455934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W4367555392","https://openalex.org/W2374664672","https://openalex.org/W2736243908","https://openalex.org/W2057716168","https://openalex.org/W2133624116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"measurement":[1,43],"of":[2,12,41,53,76,96,101,109,119,173,180,194,221,230],"the":[3,24,38,42,45,50,54,58,62,69,73,77,81,93,97,102,107,110,117,120,126,130,146,154,168,174,184,192,195,199,208,217,222,231],"space":[4,32,175],"charge":[5,33,232],"inside":[6],"insulating":[7],"materials":[8],"facilitates":[9],"reliable":[10],"assessment":[11],"insulation":[13,223],"performance.":[14],"In":[15,124],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"an":[18,85,204],"improved":[19,86,139],"calibration":[20,87],"scheme":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,167],"pulsed":[25],"electro-acoustic":[26],"(PEA)":[27],"methodology":[28],"is":[29,89,141,158],"proposed":[30,131,196],"for":[31],"measurement.":[34],"First,":[35],"according":[36,215],"to":[37,144,190,216,225],"transmission-line":[39],"model":[40],"system,":[44],"simulation":[46,155],"results":[47,103,128,182],"indicate":[48],"that":[49,72,106,160],"acoustic":[51,74,98],"impedances":[52,75],"upper":[55],"electrode":[56,79,200],"and":[57,80,115,136,171],"sample":[59,82],"may":[60,113,202],"affect":[61,114],"recorded":[63],"waveforms.":[64],"Then,":[65],"taking":[66],"into":[67],"account":[68],"actual":[70],"situation":[71],"semiconducting":[78,111,162],"are":[83,133,188],"different,":[84],"method":[88,132,140],"presented":[90],"by":[91,129],"analyzing":[92],"propagation":[94],"process":[95,172],"waves.":[99],"Comparison":[100],"further":[104],"indicates":[105],"material":[108,201],"electrodes":[112,163],"lower":[116],"accuracy":[118],"traditional":[121],"PEA":[122],"method.":[123,197],"contrast,":[125],"recovered":[127],"more":[134],"accurate":[135],"reliable.":[137],"The":[138],"thereby":[142],"applied":[143,219],"calibrate":[145],"signals":[147],"from":[148],"polyimide":[149],"(PI)":[150],"samples.":[151],"Combining":[152],"with":[153],"results,":[156],"it":[157,210],"concluded":[159],"different":[161],"render":[164],"sensible":[165],"impact":[166],"accumulation":[169,233],"rate":[170],"charge.":[176],"Furthermore,":[177],"two":[178],"groups":[179],"calibrated":[181],"under":[183],"same":[185],"electric":[186],"field":[187],"used":[189],"verify":[191],"effectiveness":[193],"Since":[198],"be":[203,212],"influential":[205],"factor":[206],"in":[207],"measurement,":[209],"should":[211],"properly":[213],"chosen":[214],"practical":[218],"conditions":[220],"samples":[224],"achieve":[226],"a":[227],"better":[228],"evaluation":[229],"process.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}