{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914296494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2893717","title":"The Improvements of the NIM-2 Joule Balance","display_name":"The Improvements of the NIM-2 Joule Balance","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914296494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2893717","mag":"2914296494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2893717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2893717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009830492","display_name":"Zhengkun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengkun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010120610","display_name":"Yang Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-8816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065831982","display_name":"Jinxin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-1492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084703755","display_name":"Qiang You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445439","display_name":"Dawei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-0487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332421","display_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085012128","display_name":"Yunfeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-763X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061422815","display_name":"Pengcheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063458887","display_name":"Yongmeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-1588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongmeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734672","display_name":"Qing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8833-5398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetism Division, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090605103","display_name":"Jiubin Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0941-7932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiubin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009830492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80026173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"6","first_page":"2208","last_page":"2214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13414","display_name":"Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planck-constant","display_name":"Planck constant","score":0.6325483918190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.574687123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46604645252227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.44756901264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","score":0.4299710988998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kilogram","display_name":"Kilogram","score":0.4105280339717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35414227843284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2957117557525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26896899938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.17961245775222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.1776459813117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17182141542434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1288716197013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12565144896507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.07503512501716614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197111296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122894","display_name":"Planck constant","level":3,"score":0.6325483918190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.574687123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46604645252227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.44756901264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294583","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.4299710988998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207892153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11570","display_name":"Kilogram","level":3,"score":0.4105280339717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35414227843284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2957117557525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26896899938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.17961245775222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.1776459813117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17182141542434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1288716197013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12565144896507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.07503512501716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2893717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2893717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6941133644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91536224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058357958","https://openalex.org/W2063181671","https://openalex.org/W2074992665","https://openalex.org/W2163202990","https://openalex.org/W2239191312","https://openalex.org/W2417816857","https://openalex.org/W2531114923","https://openalex.org/W2613023718","https://openalex.org/W2663019957","https://openalex.org/W2766378176","https://openalex.org/W2898614539","https://openalex.org/W2898631042","https://openalex.org/W2898936567","https://openalex.org/W2899134235","https://openalex.org/W3101090748","https://openalex.org/W3105487900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151110873","https://openalex.org/W2169249246","https://openalex.org/W2010666457","https://openalex.org/W2950061583","https://openalex.org/W1783188183","https://openalex.org/W2087729911","https://openalex.org/W3137558846","https://openalex.org/W1572638153","https://openalex.org/W3149275098","https://openalex.org/W4376607824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"2013,":[1],"the":[2,13,19,23,27,30,33,37,46,52,56,61,98,103,133,159,168,172,176,179,187,201],"NIM-2":[3,38,62,202],"joule":[4,203],"balance":[5,204],"apparatus":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"designed":[9],"and":[10,26,163,184],"constructed":[11],"at":[12],"National":[14],"Institute":[15],"of":[16,22,29,35,48,55,102,116,178,209,217],"Metrology":[17],"for":[18,41,106,132,190],"precise":[20],"measurement":[21,42],"Planck":[24,57,69],"constant":[25,58,70],"redefinition":[28,177],"kilogram.":[31],"By":[32],"end":[34],"2016,":[36],"was":[39,65],"ready":[40],"in":[43,63,85,219],"vacuum.":[44],"Before":[45],"deadline":[47],"July":[49],"1,":[50],"2017,":[51],"first":[53],"determination":[54],"obtained":[59],"with":[60,111],"vacuum":[64],"published.":[66],"The":[67,153],"measured":[68],"is":[71,129,141,181,221],"6.626":[72],"069":[73],"2(16)":[74],"<inline-formula":[75,89,117,144],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[76,90,118,145,212],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[77,91,119,146],"<tex-math":[78,92,120,147],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[79],"10^{-34}$":[80],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[81,96,124,151],"Js,":[82],"which":[83],"differs":[84],"relative":[86,113],"terms":[87],"by":[88,186],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$-1.27":[93],"\\times":[94,122,149],"10^{-7}$":[95,123],"from":[97,158],"Committee":[99,189],"on":[100,171],"Data":[101],"International":[104],"Council":[105],"Science":[107],"(CODATA)":[108],"2014":[109],"value,":[110],"a":[112],"standard":[114],"uncertainty":[115,140,155,208],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2.4":[121],".":[125,152],"However,":[126],"this":[127],"result":[128],"not":[130],"used":[131],"CODATA":[134],"2017":[135],"special":[136],"adjustment":[137],"because":[138],"its":[139],"bigger":[142],"than":[143],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$6":[148],"10^{-8}$":[150],"main":[154],"contributions":[156],"are":[157,195],"external":[160],"field,":[161],"alignment,":[162],"mass":[164],"calibration.":[165],"At":[166],"present,":[167],"consistent":[169],"research":[170],"experiments":[173],"related":[174],"to":[175,199,205],"kilogram":[180],"still":[182,196],"encouraged":[183],"expected":[185],"Consultative":[188],"Units.":[191],"Therefore,":[192],"great":[193],"efforts":[194],"put":[197],"forward":[198],"improve":[200],"get":[206],"an":[207],"10":[210],"<sup":[211],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22128</sup>":[213],"level.":[214],"A":[215],"series":[216],"improvements":[218],"progress":[220],"presented":[222],"here.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}