{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910012667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2890921","title":"A Capacitive-Coupled Noncontact Probe for the Measurement of Conductivity of Liquids","display_name":"A Capacitive-Coupled Noncontact Probe for the Measurement of Conductivity of Liquids","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910012667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2890921","mag":"2910012667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2890921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2890921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112410079","display_name":"K. K. Tejaswini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. K. Tejaswini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086437761","display_name":"Boby George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-6328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boby George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023707741","display_name":"V. Jagadeesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Jagadeesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059141298","display_name":"R. Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-3206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25592554","display_name":"National Institute of Ocean Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03maknm89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25592554","https://openalex.org/I4210100914"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25592554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104004591","display_name":"Tata Sudhakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25592554","display_name":"National Institute of Ocean Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03maknm89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25592554","https://openalex.org/I4210100914"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tata Sudhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25592554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112410079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77329896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"5","first_page":"1602","last_page":"1610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.8178470134735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-coupling","display_name":"Capacitive coupling","score":0.7161152362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity","display_name":"Conductivity","score":0.6788943409919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6492114067077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.6393997073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6039929389953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.58541339635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.5212279558181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductance","display_name":"Conductance","score":0.49091917276382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48721379041671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4421086013317108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.42945367097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3989231586456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35575544834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35354283452033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.285984605550766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23322266340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17931124567985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16556552052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.15036320686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.09282425045967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.07808631658554077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.8178470134735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68278764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444167","display_name":"Capacitive coupling","level":3,"score":0.7161152362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6788943409919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6492114067077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6393997073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6039929389953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.58541339635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5212279558181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121932024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159376","display_name":"Conductance","level":2,"score":0.49091917276382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48721379041671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4421086013317108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.42945367097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3989231586456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35575544834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35354283452033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.285984605550766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23322266340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17931124567985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16556552052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15036320686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09282425045967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.07808631658554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2890921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2890921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554175167","https://openalex.org/W1804672183","https://openalex.org/W1853580554","https://openalex.org/W1947615469","https://openalex.org/W1971205498","https://openalex.org/W1977817895","https://openalex.org/W1980724970","https://openalex.org/W1989157562","https://openalex.org/W1998095348","https://openalex.org/W2039469634","https://openalex.org/W2040995240","https://openalex.org/W2058999362","https://openalex.org/W2071925886","https://openalex.org/W2119062402","https://openalex.org/W2122168215","https://openalex.org/W2122489585","https://openalex.org/W2133428450","https://openalex.org/W2144151372","https://openalex.org/W2158981184","https://openalex.org/W2162896546","https://openalex.org/W2165515484","https://openalex.org/W2225873820","https://openalex.org/W2531654080","https://openalex.org/W2788627501","https://openalex.org/W2858182724","https://openalex.org/W2971013595","https://openalex.org/W2987457490","https://openalex.org/W3006511063","https://openalex.org/W3201165664","https://openalex.org/W6638838331","https://openalex.org/W6748933098","https://openalex.org/W6774068127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348740411","https://openalex.org/W2051563071","https://openalex.org/W1966596465","https://openalex.org/W2337947459","https://openalex.org/W4386858602","https://openalex.org/W3212531278","https://openalex.org/W2505169246","https://openalex.org/W2118205267","https://openalex.org/W2099626417","https://openalex.org/W2291633415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,110],"noncontact":[1,122],"(capacitive-coupled)":[2],"probe":[3,100],"for":[4],"the":[5,8,17,21,30,34,45,49,56,64,74,78,91,94,99,104,108],"measurement":[6,18,57],"of":[7,10,26,36,48,58,63,93,98,107,114],"conductivity":[9,123],"liquids":[11],"is":[12],"presented.":[13],"Insulation":[14],"introduced":[15],"between":[16],"electrodes":[19],"and":[20,39,82,126],"liquid":[22],"intrudes":[23],"a":[24,53,85,120],"couple":[25],"coupling":[27,32,50],"capacitances.":[28],"Though":[29],"capacitive":[31,80],"overcomes":[33,73],"problems":[35],"electrode":[37],"polarization":[38],"contamination":[40],"associated":[41],"with":[42],"contacting":[43],"electrodes,":[44],"large":[46,79],"reactances":[47,81],"capacitors":[51],"pose":[52],"problem":[54,75],"in":[55],"comparatively":[59],"very":[60],"small":[61],"resistance":[62],"liquid.":[65,95],"An":[66],"auto-balancing":[67],"signal":[68],"conditioning":[69],"scheme":[70],"presented":[71,101],"here":[72],"posed":[76],"by":[77],"provides":[83],"directly":[84],"measurable":[86],"output":[87],"proportional":[88],"only":[89],"to":[90],"conductance":[92],"Error":[96],"analysis":[97],"herein":[102],"helps":[103],"optimal":[105],"design":[106],"probe.":[109],"worst":[111],"case":[112],"error":[113],"\u00b1":[115],"0.9%":[116],"was":[117],"obtained":[118],"from":[119],"prototype":[121],"probe,":[124],"developed":[125],"tested.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}