{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909823529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2890318","title":"Fiber Optic Sensors Based on Photoacoustic Effect for Rebar Corrosion Measurement","display_name":"Fiber Optic Sensors Based on Photoacoustic Effect for Rebar Corrosion Measurement","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909823529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2890318","mag":"2909823529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2890318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2890318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101932247","display_name":"Cong Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-2836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059812523","display_name":"Qixiang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007193404","display_name":"Jingcheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-2556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingcheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069814678","display_name":"Xu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-8114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045315152","display_name":"Tzuyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzuyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326909","display_name":"Xingwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91369773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"11","first_page":"4559","last_page":"4565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8034384250640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.6867008805274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rebar","display_name":"Rebar","score":0.6829172372817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"Corrosion","score":0.6525897979736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5928937792778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.5335158705711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.49678924679756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.46692678332328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.46415433287620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-interference","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","score":0.46285051107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.42022639513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.32571572065353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2966049313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.290557861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2896198630332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.1651138961315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09447768330574036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8034384250640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.6867008805274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778664469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150425","display_name":"Rebar","level":2,"score":0.6829172372817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.6525897979736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5928937792778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5335158705711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.49678924679756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.46692678332328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.46415433287620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.46285051107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.42022639513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32571572065353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2966049313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.290557861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2896198630332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.1651138961315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09447768330574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2890318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2890318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8526882154","display_name":"GOALI: Distributed Active Acoustic Sensing using a Single Optical Fiber for Interfacial Structural Health Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Structures","funder_award_id":"1401369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588030591","https://openalex.org/W1964053232","https://openalex.org/W1984738335","https://openalex.org/W1995410322","https://openalex.org/W1999295438","https://openalex.org/W2015061137","https://openalex.org/W2017059560","https://openalex.org/W2033327181","https://openalex.org/W2036217753","https://openalex.org/W2039720447","https://openalex.org/W2043266714","https://openalex.org/W2046549395","https://openalex.org/W2049474923","https://openalex.org/W2050946852","https://openalex.org/W2081989415","https://openalex.org/W2098132862","https://openalex.org/W2101785814","https://openalex.org/W2169764990","https://openalex.org/W2194071012","https://openalex.org/W2206862670","https://openalex.org/W2280120270","https://openalex.org/W2338540859","https://openalex.org/W2340514362","https://openalex.org/W2341465217","https://openalex.org/W2606128329","https://openalex.org/W2738912484","https://openalex.org/W2750974817","https://openalex.org/W2767417835","https://openalex.org/W2775256484","https://openalex.org/W2802375262","https://openalex.org/W6736201110","https://openalex.org/W6741685537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2463721724","https://openalex.org/W2365148668","https://openalex.org/W2917685425","https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W3205454610","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W2025425461","https://openalex.org/W3146793764","https://openalex.org/W2038705077","https://openalex.org/W2392000424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"all-optical":[1],"ultrasound":[2,27,45,132],"sensing":[3,95,109],"system":[4,56],"based":[5],"on":[6,102],"photoacoustic":[7],"principle":[8],"is":[9],"developed":[10,30,108],"to":[11,39,69,78,87,91,105],"monitor":[12],"and":[13,93,141],"investigate":[14],"the":[15,60,71,107,116,126,137,142],"initiation":[16],"of":[17,73,119,130],"early":[18],"stage":[19],"steel":[20,103,121],"rebar":[21],"corrosion":[22,98],"in":[23,67],"real":[24],"time.":[25],"The":[26,44,111,134],"generator":[28],"was":[29,47,57,123],"by":[31,49,125],"small":[32],"size":[33],"gold":[34],"nanocomposites":[35],"coated":[36],"optical":[37],"fibers":[38],"generate":[40],"8-MHz":[41],"bandwidth":[42],"signals.":[43,133],"receiver":[46],"applied":[48],"a":[50,64],"fiber":[51],"Bragg":[52],"grating":[53],"sensor.":[54],"This":[55],"employed":[58],"for":[59],"first":[61],"time":[62],"as":[63],"disruptive":[65],"approach":[66],"order":[68],"replace":[70],"application":[72],"conventional":[74],"electrical-based":[75],"sensors":[76],"due":[77],"their":[79],"unique":[80],"advantages":[81],"including":[82],"miniature":[83],"size,":[84],"lightweight,":[85],"immunity":[86],"electromagnetic":[88],"interference,":[89],"resistance":[90],"corrosion,":[92],"distributed":[94],"capability.":[96],"Accelerated":[97],"tests":[99],"were":[100],"conducted":[101],"rebars":[104,122],"validate":[106],"system.":[110],"obtained":[112],"results":[113],"indicated":[114],"that":[115],"mass":[117,143],"loss":[118,144],"corroded":[120],"characterized":[124],"centroid":[127,138],"frequency":[128,139],"shift":[129,140],"measured":[131],"correlation":[135],"between":[136],"depicted":[145],"an":[146],"exponential":[147],"relationship.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}