{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905847620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2884605","title":"Human Body Shadowing Effect on UWB-Based Ranging System for Pedestrian Tracking","display_name":"Human Body Shadowing Effect on UWB-Based Ranging System for Pedestrian Tracking","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905847620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2884605","mag":"2905847620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2884605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2884605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076992754","display_name":"Qinglin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091532881","display_name":"Kevin I\u2010Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin I-Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088166627","display_name":"Zoran Sal\u010di\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-9848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran Salcic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076992754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93925014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"10","first_page":"4028","last_page":"4037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.9667013883590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7037340402603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilateration","display_name":"Trilateration","score":0.5685030817985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5607936978340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5127376317977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.49195119738578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4674801528453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4610736668109894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4245210289955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35304564237594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3451889157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2233666479587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.19574102759361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14715951681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1109423041343689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.9667013883590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7037340402603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20832178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146298","display_name":"Trilateration","level":3,"score":0.5685030817985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5607936978340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5127376317977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49195119738578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4674801528453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4610736668109894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4245210289955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35304564237594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3451889157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2233666479587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.19574102759361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14715951681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1109423041343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2884605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2884605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498622074","https://openalex.org/W1965429520","https://openalex.org/W1965665622","https://openalex.org/W1968099658","https://openalex.org/W1991408704","https://openalex.org/W2036939210","https://openalex.org/W2041892022","https://openalex.org/W2062956715","https://openalex.org/W2082542916","https://openalex.org/W2108422006","https://openalex.org/W2119017476","https://openalex.org/W2131836088","https://openalex.org/W2161885237","https://openalex.org/W2186667588","https://openalex.org/W2188789518","https://openalex.org/W2244101296","https://openalex.org/W2319208717","https://openalex.org/W2322679276","https://openalex.org/W2343794604","https://openalex.org/W2592220187","https://openalex.org/W2604710118","https://openalex.org/W2750407118","https://openalex.org/W2783525487","https://openalex.org/W2783742330","https://openalex.org/W2794396553","https://openalex.org/W2799934351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W2902993599","https://openalex.org/W3189461536","https://openalex.org/W2906811505","https://openalex.org/W4285988020","https://openalex.org/W3179920559","https://openalex.org/W1989212443","https://openalex.org/W2103644279","https://openalex.org/W4302986566","https://openalex.org/W1968585197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrawideband":[0],"(UWB)":[1],"technology":[2],"applied":[3,128],"in":[4,14,21,45,129,163,173],"indoor":[5,56],"localization":[6],"systems":[7],"is":[8,26,81,115,127],"able":[9],"to":[10,50,76,90,109,160,169],"offer":[11],"centimeter-level":[12],"error":[13,105,125,167],"position":[15,166],"measurement":[16],"and":[17,35,48,117,122,156],"attracts":[18],"increasing":[19],"popularity":[20],"various":[22],"solutions.":[23],"Position":[24],"estimation":[25],"calculated":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29],"ranging":[30,78,85,104],"measurements":[31,121],"between":[32],"mobile":[33],"nodes":[34],"anchors":[36],"at":[37],"known":[38],"locations.":[39],"Most":[40],"existing":[41],"works":[42],"employ":[43],"UWB":[44,66,103],"positioning":[46],"context":[47],"resort":[49],"nonline-of-sight":[51],"optimization":[52],"imposed":[53,95],"by":[54,71,96,119],"static":[55],"building":[57],"layout.":[58],"In":[59,99],"tracking":[60,134,176],"applications,":[61],"the":[62,84,91,97,110,149,153,170],"direct":[63],"path":[64],"of":[65,93,148],"propagation":[67],"may":[68],"be":[69],"obstructed":[70],"humans":[72],"(pedestrians),":[73],"which":[74],"leads":[75],"significant":[77],"errors.":[79],"It":[80],"observed":[82],"that":[83],"errors":[86],"vary":[87],"with":[88,107],"respect":[89,108],"degree":[92],"obstruction":[94],"pedestrian.":[98],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"a":[102,130,174],"model":[106,126,151],"human":[111],"body":[112],"shadowing":[113],"effect":[114],"proposed":[116,150],"evaluated":[118],"extensive":[120],"experiments.":[123],"The":[124,146],"particle":[131],"filter":[132],"pedestrian":[133,175],"algorithm":[135],"fusing":[136],"heading":[137],"information":[138],"obtained":[139],"from":[140],"an":[141],"iPhone":[142],"7":[143],"built-in":[144],"gyroscope.":[145],"performance":[147],"outperforms":[152],"state-of-the-art":[154],"approaches":[155],"has":[157],"achieved":[158],"up":[159],"41.91%":[161],"reduction":[162],"mean":[164],"2-D":[165],"compared":[168],"trilateration-based":[171],"method":[172],"case":[177],"study.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
