{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905579026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2882048","title":"Investigation of Material Nonlinearity Measurements Using the Third-Harmonic Generation","display_name":"Investigation of Material Nonlinearity Measurements Using the Third-Harmonic Generation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905579026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2882048","mag":"2905579026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2882048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2882048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053354504","display_name":"Shuzeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuzeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088593624","display_name":"Xiongbing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-5334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongbing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101661611","display_name":"Hyunjo Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77079311","display_name":"Wonkwang University","ror":"https://ror.org/006776986","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77079311"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunjo Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77079311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068301037","display_name":"Sungjong Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77079311","display_name":"Wonkwang University","ror":"https://ror.org/006776986","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77079311"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungjong Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77079311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053354504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46944716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"10","first_page":"3635","last_page":"3646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6096562147140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5129496455192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.497440367937088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.48180097341537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46717673540115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-harmonic-generation","display_name":"High harmonic generation","score":0.4660991430282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3556835651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18417125940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.17874214053153992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6096562147140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5129496455192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.497440367937088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.48180097341537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46717673540115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64672749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623464","display_name":"High harmonic generation","level":3,"score":0.4660991430282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3556835651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18417125940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.17874214053153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2882048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2882048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495116217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51575541","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5815088409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51805554","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6853331374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M2A2A9A03913683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7760629600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1A2B4013953","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485954958","https://openalex.org/W1973946629","https://openalex.org/W1978531141","https://openalex.org/W1979503814","https://openalex.org/W1989132854","https://openalex.org/W1994170822","https://openalex.org/W1998351224","https://openalex.org/W2000771144","https://openalex.org/W2004017199","https://openalex.org/W2006088339","https://openalex.org/W2010228632","https://openalex.org/W2019315410","https://openalex.org/W2052356000","https://openalex.org/W2056853462","https://openalex.org/W2066682148","https://openalex.org/W2069221949","https://openalex.org/W2103463457","https://openalex.org/W2118704338","https://openalex.org/W2148386213","https://openalex.org/W2165586449","https://openalex.org/W2301482187","https://openalex.org/W2325232934","https://openalex.org/W2351575472","https://openalex.org/W2574265579","https://openalex.org/W2605703577","https://openalex.org/W2712345603","https://openalex.org/W2748903878","https://openalex.org/W2789199805","https://openalex.org/W4205101248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794789911","https://openalex.org/W4298134547","https://openalex.org/W2122976425","https://openalex.org/W2088773039","https://openalex.org/W4382753160","https://openalex.org/W2284229495","https://openalex.org/W2028697747","https://openalex.org/W4320084277","https://openalex.org/W1976929492","https://openalex.org/W2383822543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"respect":[1],"to":[2,57,169,221,238,252],"harmonic":[3,89,174],"generation":[4,90,243],"measurements":[5],"in":[6,78,91,125,139,197,244],"isotropic":[7,245],"materials,":[8],"the":[9,12,26,48,65,75,98,117,126,137,144,157,165,172,177,185,198,207,210,215,239],"amplitude":[10,77,133,159,217],"of":[11,25,53,68,128,146,179,201,209,241],"third-harmonic":[13,49,76,132,216,242],"wave":[14],"generally":[15],"depends":[16],"on":[17,184],"both":[18],"\u03b2":[19,69,102,147,152,186,193,222],"<sup":[20,70,103,148,187,194,223],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21,71,104,149,188,195,224],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[22,72,105,150,189,196,225],"(the":[23,33],"square":[24,208],"second-order":[27],"nonlinear":[28,35,129],"parameter":[29],"\u03b2)":[30],"and":[31,61,82,96,110,120,175,181,235,247],"y":[32],"third-order":[34],"parameter).":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"some":[38],"care":[39],"should":[40],"be":[41,249],"taken":[42],"when":[43],"measuring":[44,101],"these":[45],"parameters":[46],"using":[47],"amplitude.":[50],"The":[51,85,131,191],"purpose":[52],"this":[54],"paper":[55,230],"is":[56,141,153,218],"investigate":[58],"detailed":[59],"theoretical":[60],"measurement":[62,127,145,240],"techniques":[63],"for":[64,100,108,143,160],"accurate":[66],"determination":[67],"which":[73],"dominates":[74],"most":[79],"biological":[80],"fluids":[81],"crystalline":[83,253],"solids.":[84,254],"theory":[86],"deals":[87],"with":[88,93,106,136,206],"materials":[92],"cubic":[94],"nonlinearity":[95],"defines":[97],"formula":[99],"corrections":[107,113],"diffraction":[109,180],"attenuation.":[111],"These":[112],"are":[114],"derived":[115],"from":[116,156],"Westervelt":[118],"equation":[119],"play":[121],"an":[122],"important":[123],"role":[124],"parameters.":[130],"that":[134,214],"varies":[135],"distance":[138],"water":[140],"obtained":[142],".":[151],"also":[154,163],"measured":[155,192,211],"second-harmonic":[158],"comparison.":[161],"We":[162],"confirm":[164],"required":[166],"input":[167],"voltage":[168],"stably":[170],"generate":[171],"third":[173],"discuss":[176],"effects":[178],"attenuation":[182],"correction":[183],"determination.":[190],"propagation":[199],"range":[200],"0.05-0.2":[202],"m":[203],"agrees":[204],"well":[205],"\u03b2,":[212],"revealing":[213],"closely":[219],"related":[220,237],",":[226],"not":[227],"y.":[228],"This":[229],"covers":[231],"comprehensive":[232],"theories,":[233],"experimentation,":[234],"analysis":[236],"media":[246],"can":[248],"immediately":[250],"applied":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
